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Shloka 4

कार्त्तिकेय-जन्मोपक्रमः

Prelude to the Birth of Kārttikeya/Skanda

मोहात्मकं तमस्तेषां रज एषां प्रवर्तकम्‌ । प्रकाशबहुलत्वाच्च सत्त्वं ज्याय इहोच्यते,इन तीनों गुणोंमें जो तमोगुण है वह मोहात्मक--मोह उत्पन्न करनेवाला है। रजोगुण कर्मोमें प्रवृत्त करनेवाला है। परंतु सत्त्वगुणमें प्रकाशकी बहुलता है, इसलिये वह सबसे श्रेष्ठ कहा जाता है

mohātmakaṃ tamas teṣāṃ raja eṣāṃ pravartakam | prakāśa-bahulatvāc ca sattvaṃ jyāya ihochyate ||

Der Jäger sprach: „Unter diesen drei Guṇas ist tamas von der Natur der Verblendung—es erzeugt Irrung. Rajas treibt die Wesen zu Handlung und Tätigkeit an. Sattva aber ist reich an Klarheit und Licht; darum wird es in dieser Welt als das Höchste bezeichnet.“

मोहात्मकम्of the nature of delusion; delusion-causing
मोहात्मकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमोहात्मक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःdarkness; tamas (the quality of inertia)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of them (of those [guṇas])
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
रजःrajas (the quality of activity/passion)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एषाम्of these (of these [beings/people])
एषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रवर्तकम्impelling; causing to engage (in action)
प्रवर्तकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवर्तक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रकाशlight; illumination
प्रकाश:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as compound-member base), Singular
बहुलत्वात्because of abundance
बहुलत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबहुलत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्त्वम्sattva (the quality of clarity/goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्यायःsuperior; greater
ज्यायः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इहhere; in this context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

व्याध उवाच

V
vyādha (the hunter; speaker)
T
tamas
R
rajas
S
sattva

Educational Q&A

It defines the ethical-psychological functions of the three guṇas: tamas causes delusion, rajas drives restless activity, and sattva—rich in clarity—supports discernment and is therefore regarded as superior for right living.

In the Vyādha’s instruction (the hunter-teacher episode), he explains foundational principles of inner nature (guṇas) to guide the listener toward clearer judgment and dharmic conduct.