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Shloka 43

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

यत्र स्त्री यत्र कितवो बालो यत्रानुशासिता । मज्जन्ति तेडवशा राजन्‌ नद्यामश्मप्लवा इव,राजन! जहाँका शासन स्त्री, जुआरी और बालकके हाथमें होता है, वहाँके लोग नदीमें पत्थरकी नावपर बैठनेवालोंकी भाँति विवश होकर विपत्तिके समुद्रमें डूब जाते हैं

yatra strī yatra kitavo bālo yatrānuśāsitā | majjanti te'vaśā rājan nadyām aśmaplavā iva ||

Vidura warnt den König: Ein Reich, in dem die Macht tatsächlich in die Hände einer Frau, eines Spielers oder eines Kindes gelegt ist, ist zu hilfloser Verderbnis verurteilt. Sein Volk, ohne feste Regierung und ohne klares Urteilsvermögen, versinkt im Unheil wie jene, die einen Fluss in einem Boot aus Stein zu überqueren suchen.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative sense)
स्त्रीa woman
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
Formfeminine, nominative singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative sense)
कितवःa gambler
कितवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकितव
Formmasculine, nominative singular
बालःa child
बालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
Formmasculine, nominative singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative sense)
अनुशासिताrule/authority; governance
अनुशासिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुशासित
Formfeminine, nominative singular
मज्जन्तिsink, drown
मज्जन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootमज्ज्
Formpresent tense (laṭ), 3rd person plural, parasmaipada
तेthey/those people
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative plural
अवशाःhelpless, powerless
अवशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
Formmasculine, nominative plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative singular
नद्याम्in a river
नद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
Formfeminine, locative singular
अश्मप्लवाःstone-boats (boats of stone)
अश्मप्लवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मप्लव
Formmasculine, nominative plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formindeclinable

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed as rājan)
W
woman (strī)
G
gambler (kitava)
C
child (bāla)
R
river (nadī)
S
stone-boat (aśmaplava)

Educational Q&A

Governance must rest on mature discernment and self-control; when power is effectively driven by immaturity or vice (symbolized by a child and a gambler) or by improper influence, society becomes helpless and collapses—like trusting a stone boat that cannot float.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura counsels the king during the tense pre-war negotiations. He delivers moral-political instruction (nīti), warning that a kingdom misruled by unfit or destabilizing influences will inevitably plunge its people into disaster.