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Shloka 41

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

अकस्मादेव कुप्यन्ति प्रसीदन्त्यनिमित्तत: । शीलमेतदसाधूनाम श्र पारिप्लवं यथा,दुष्ट पुरुषोंका स्वभाव मेघके समान चंचल होता है, वे सहसा क्रोध कर बैठते हैं और अकारण ही प्रसन्न हो जाते हैं

akasmād eva kupyanti prasīdanty animittataḥ | śīlam etad asādhūnām yathā pariplavaṃ ghanaḥ ||

Vidura sagt: Die Bösen sind von Natur aus wankelmütig, wie eine dahintreibende Wolke. Ohne Vorwarnung geraten sie in Zorn und ohne wirklichen Grund werden sie wieder zufrieden. Diese Unbeständigkeit ist das Kennzeichen der Unrechtschaffenen und macht sie in Rat und Tat unzuverlässig.

अकस्मात्suddenly, unexpectedly
अकस्मात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअकस्मात्
FormAvyaya (adverb)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (particle)
कुप्यन्तिthey become angry
कुप्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकुप्
FormLat (present), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
प्रसीदन्तिthey become pleased/calm
प्रसीदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सीद्
FormLat (present), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
अनिमित्ततःwithout cause, for no reason
अनिमित्ततः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअ-निमित्त
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb in -tas)
शीलम्nature, disposition
शीलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशील
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
असाधूनाम्of the wicked/unsaintly
असाधूनाम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअसाधु
FormMasculine, genitive, plural
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
FormAvyaya (comparative particle)
पारिप्लवम्unstable, fickle, wavering
पारिप्लवम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपारिप्लव
FormNeuter, nominative, singular (used predicatively)

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Unstable emotions—sudden anger and causeless pleasure—are signs of an unvirtuous character. Such fickleness makes a person untrustworthy; steadiness and reasoned self-control are implied marks of dharma.

In Vidura’s counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations of the Udyoga Parva, he warns about the temperament of wicked people, using the image of a drifting cloud to describe their unpredictable reactions.