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Shloka 33

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

जो प्रधान मन्त्रियोंका त्याग करके निम्नश्रेणीके मनुष्योंको अपना प्रिय बनाता है, वह संकटके घोर समुद्रमें पड़कर पीड़ित हो कहीं आश्रय नहीं पाता है ।।

yo pradhāna-mantriṇāṃ tyāgaṃ kṛtvā nīmaśreṇī-manuṣyān ātmanaḥ priyān karoti, sa saṅkaṭasya ghore samudre patitvā pīḍitaḥ kvacid āśrayaṃ na vindati. yaḥ kalyāṇa-guṇān jñātīn pradveṣān na bubhūṣati, adṛḍhātmā dṛḍha-krodhaḥ sa mṛtyor vasaty antike.

Vāmadeva lehrt: Ein Herrscher, der seine obersten Minister verlässt und statt ihrer niedrige und untaugliche Menschen zu Vertrauten macht, fällt in einen schrecklichen Ozean des Unheils; dort gepeinigt, findet er nirgends Zuflucht. Ebenso lebt, wer aus Hass seine eigenen Verwandten, die mit heilsamen Tugenden begabt sind, nicht ehrt—wessen Geist ohne Festigkeit ist und der sich hartnäckig an den Zorn klammert—beständig nahe beim Tod; denn solches Verhalten zerstört die Stützen, die Leben, Ordnung und Dharma bewahren.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कल्याणगुणान्good qualities
कल्याणगुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकल्याणगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ज्ञातीन्kinsmen
ज्ञातीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञाति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रद्वेषात्from hatred / out of malice
प्रद्वेषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रद्वेष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बुभूषतिwishes to be / desires (to act as)
बुभूषति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Lat, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अदृढात्माone of unsteady mind
अदृढात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदृढात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दृढक्रोधःone with firm/obstinate anger
दृढक्रोधः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वसतेdwells
वसते:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormPresent, Lat, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
अन्तिकेnear / in proximity
अन्तिके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तिक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
C
chief ministers (pradhāna-mantriṇaḥ)
K
kinsmen/relatives (jñātayaḥ)

Educational Q&A

A leader must rely on worthy counsel and uphold respect for virtuous kin; abandoning competent ministers for unfit favorites and nurturing hatred and anger destroys one’s supports and brings ruin—symbolized as living close to death.

In Śānti Parva’s rājadharma instruction, Vāmadeva delivers a warning about statecraft and personal conduct: poor choice of associates and hostility toward one’s own virtuous relatives lead to isolation in crisis and continual peril.