Shloka 33
आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः
Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation
मैत्रा: क्रूराणि कुर्वन्तो जयन्ति स्वर्गमुत्तमम् । धर्म्या: पापानि कुर्वाणा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम्
maitrāḥ krūrāṇi kurvanto jayanti svargam uttamam | dharmyāḥ pāpāni kurvāṇā gacchanti paramāṃ gatim ||
Bhīṣma sprach: Wer allen Wesen freundlich gesinnt ist—selbst wenn er, um andere zu schützen, gegen einen Bösewicht hart vorgehen muss—gewinnt den höchsten Himmel. Ebenso erlangen rechtschaffene Männer, auch wenn sie zum Schutz anderer Handlungen begehen, die wie Sünde erscheinen (etwa Gewalt), das höchste Ziel.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Moral evaluation depends on intention and purpose: a person grounded in friendliness and righteousness may employ harsh or even seemingly sinful means when the aim is protection of others; such protective action, not motivated by hatred or selfishness, can still lead to the highest good.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he explains a nuanced principle for rulers and righteous people: maintaining benevolence toward all, one may still punish or use force against the wicked to defend the vulnerable, without losing spiritual merit.