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Shloka 13

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

पर्जन्यमिव भूतानि महाद्रुममिव द्विजा: | नरास्तमुपजीवन्ति नृपं सर्वार्थसाधकम्‌,जैसे सब प्राणी मेघोंके और पक्षी वृक्षोंके सहारे जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं, उसी प्रकार सब मनुष्य सम्पूर्ण मनोरथोंकी सिद्धि करनेवाले राजाके आश्रित होकर जीवनयापन करते हैं

parjanyam iva bhūtāni mahādrumam iva dvijāḥ | narās tam upajīvanti nṛpaṁ sarvārthasādhakam ||

Bhishma sprach: „Wie die Lebewesen vom Regenwolkenzug leben und die Vögel von einem großen Baum abhängen, so erhalten auch die Menschen ihr Leben, indem sie sich auf einen König stützen – einen, der alle rechtmäßigen Ziele zu verwirklichen vermag.“

पर्जन्यम्rain-cloud
पर्जन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
भूतानिcreatures/beings
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
महाद्रुमम्a great tree
महाद्रुमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहाद्रुम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्विजाःbirds
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नराःmen/people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तम्him/that (king)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपजीवन्तिlive by/depend on
उपजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नृपम्king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वार्थसाधकम्accomplishing all aims
सर्वार्थसाधकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वार्थसाधक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (nṛpa)
R
rain-cloud (parjanya)
G
great tree (mahādruma)
L
living beings (bhūtāni)
B
birds (dvijāḥ)

Educational Q&A

A righteous king is to society what rain is to creatures and a great tree is to birds: a sustaining support. The ethical point is that governance should secure protection, livelihood, and the fulfillment of legitimate needs, so that people can live and pursue dharma.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira about the king’s role. He uses natural analogies—rain-cloud and tree—to explain why subjects rely on the king and what kind of king truly deserves that reliance.