Shloka 4

अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन

Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments

Devanagari script

प्रत्युत्थायोपसंगृह््‌ चरणावभिवाद्य च । अथ सर्वाणि कुर्वीथा: कार्याणि सपुरोहित:

Transliteration

pratyutthāyopasaṅgṛhya caraṇāv abhivādya ca | atha sarvāṇi kurvīthāḥ kāryāṇi sa-purohitaḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma sprach: „Steh sogleich auf, um ihn zu empfangen; tritt ehrfürchtig heran und verneige dich zu seinen Füßen. Nachdem du so die gebührende Ehrerbietung erwiesen hast, verrichte dann alle notwendigen Aufgaben zusammen mit deinem Hauspriester.“

Word by Word

• प्रत्युत्थाय: having risen up (in response)
• प्रत्युत्थाय: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-उत्-स्था (धातु √स्था)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)

• उपसंगृह्य: having respectfully taken/held (e.g., clasped)
• उपसंगृह्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-सम्-ग्रह् (धातु √ग्रह्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)

• चरणौ: the two feet
• चरणौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चरण
• Form: masculine, accusative, dual

• अभिवाद्य: having saluted
• अभिवाद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-वाद् (धातु √वाद्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: neuter, accusative, plural

• कुर्वीथाः: you should do/perform
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु √कृ)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, second, singular, परस्मैपद

• कार्याणि: duties/necessary tasks
• कार्याणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (from √कृ, ‘to be done’)
• Form: neuter, accusative, plural

• स: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स (सह-अर्थे अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्)

• पुरोहितः: the family priest
• पुरोहितः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरोहित
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• purohita (household priest)
• brāhmaṇa (implied: learned righteous brāhmaṇa/guest)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma includes proper reception and reverence toward a worthy brāhmaṇa/teacher—rising to greet, saluting at the feet—and then conducting one’s duties with the guidance of the purohita, so that action is aligned with sacred law and right conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma is instructing the listener on correct social and religious protocol: when a qualified brāhmaṇa arrives, one should immediately stand, welcome and bow respectfully, and thereafter proceed to accomplish necessary affairs in association with the household priest.