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Shloka 16

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

गुणवन्तो महोत्साहा धर्मज्ञा: साधवश्च ये । संदधीत नृपस्तैश्न राष्ट्र धर्मेण पालयन्‌,जो गुणवान्‌, महान्‌ उत्साही, धर्मज्ञ और साधु पुरुष हों, उन्हें सहयोगी बनाकर धर्मपूर्वक राष्ट्रकी रक्षा करनेवाला नरेश बलवान्‌ राजाओंके साथ संधि स्थापित करे

guṇavanto mahotsāhā dharmajñāḥ sādhavaś ca ye | sandadhīta nṛpas tais tu rāṣṭraṃ dharmeṇa pālayan ||

Bhishma sprach: Ein König, der sein Reich gemäß dem Dharma schützt, soll zuerst tugendhafte Männer um sich scharen—groß an Energie und Unternehmungsgeist, kundig in der Rechtschaffenheit und wahrhaft gut im Wandel—und, von solchen Verbündeten getragen, Bündnisse mit mächtigen Herrschern schließen.

गुणवन्तःvirtuous, possessing good qualities
गुणवन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महोत्साहाःof great energy/enterprise
महोत्साहाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहोत्साह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मज्ञाःknowers of dharma
धर्मज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साधवःgood men, righteous persons
साधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संदधीतshould make/arrange/establish (e.g., alliance)
संदधीत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + धा
FormVidhi-linga (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तैःwith/by those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
राष्ट्रम्the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मेणby/according to dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पालयन्protecting/ruling
पालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपालयत् (पाल् धातोः caus. वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle), Active

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (nṛpa)
P
powerful kings (implicit)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s strength should rest on dharmic governance and the support of virtuous, capable advisers; with such a foundation, forming alliances with strong rulers becomes a legitimate and effective means to protect the realm.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rajadharma in the Shanti Parva, he advises the king on practical policy: appoint and rely on upright, energetic, dharma-knowing men, and then pursue treaties/alliances with powerful kings to secure the kingdom.