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Shloka 8

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

अमित तेजस्वी कोसलनरेशके इस प्रकार प्रश्न करनेपर महाज्ञानी बृहस्पतिजीने शान्तभावसे राजाके सत्कारकी आवश्यकता बताते हुए इस प्रकार उत्तर देना आरम्भ किया ।। ब॒हस्पतिर्वाच राजमूलो महाप्राज्ञ धर्मों लोकस्य लक्ष्यते प्रजा राजभयादेव न खादन्ति परस्परम्‌,बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--महाप्राज्ञ! लोकमें जो धर्म देखा जाता है, उसका मूल कारण राजा ही है। राजाके भयसे ही प्रजा एक-दूसरेको हड़प नहीं लेती है

bṛhaspatir uvāca | rāja-mūlo mahāprājña dharmo lokasya lakṣyate | prajā rāja-bhayād eva na khādanti parasparam ||

Bṛhaspati sprach: „O großer Kenner der Staatskunst! Der Dharma, den man in der Welt wirksam sieht, hat den König zur Wurzel. Nur aus Furcht vor dem König verschlingen die Menschen einander nicht.“

बृहस्पतिःBṛhaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राज-मूलःhaving the king as its root / founded on the king
राज-मूलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजमूल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाप्राज्ञO very wise one
महाप्राज्ञ:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, law, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world/people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
लक्ष्यतेis seen/observed
लक्ष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलक्ष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive sense)
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राज-भयात्from fear of the king
राज-भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराजभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
खादन्तिdevour, consume
खादन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootखाद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्one another, mutually
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

वसुमना उवाच

B
Bṛhaspati
T
the King (rājā)
S
subjects/people (prajā)
T
the world (loka)

Educational Q&A

Public morality and social order (dharma as actually practiced in society) depend upon effective kingship: the king’s authority and capacity to punish restrain mutual predation and protect the weak from the strong.

In response to a king’s inquiry, Bṛhaspati begins his counsel on statecraft and the need to honor and uphold royal authority, explaining that the visible functioning of dharma in society is rooted in the king’s power to deter wrongdoing.