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Shloka 23

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

अनृतेनोपवर्ती चेत्‌ प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोस्तथा । उपाहत्य प्रियं तस्मै तस्मात्‌ पापात्‌ प्रमुच्यते

anṛtenopavartī cet pratiroddhā guros tathā | upāhatya priyaṁ tasmai tasmāt pāpāt pramucyate ||

Vyāsa sprach: Wenn ein Mann seinen Lebensunterhalt durch Lüge bestreitet oder seinen Lehrer behindert und beleidigt hat, dann wird er, indem er dem Lehrer etwas Liebes und Angenehmes schenkt—und so dessen Zufriedenheit wiederherstellt—von jener Sünde befreit. Der Vers versteht Sühne nicht als Leugnung des Unrechts, sondern als Wiedergutmachung der verletzten Beziehung der Ehrfurcht durch aufrichtige Besänftigung und Restitution.

अनृतेनby falsehood / with untruth
अनृतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
उपवर्तीone who lives/acts (subsists) by
उपवर्ती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपवर्तिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
प्रतिरोद्धाone who obstructs/opposes
प्रतिरोद्धा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिरोद्धृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरोःof the teacher
गुरोः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उपाहत्यhaving struck/insulted; having offended
उपाहत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-हन्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
प्रियम्a pleasing thing / something dear
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तस्मात्from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पापात्from sin
पापात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रमुच्यतेis released / becomes free
प्रमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मुच्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
G
guru (teacher)

Educational Q&A

Wrongdoing such as living by falsehood or offending one’s teacher can be mitigated through prāyaścitta that repairs the harm—specifically, by sincerely pleasing the guru with a valued offering, restoring respect and right relationship.

In the didactic discourse of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa states a rule of expiation: a person guilty of deceitful livelihood or of obstructing/insulting the guru can be freed from that sin by making amends—giving the guru something pleasing and thereby obtaining the guru’s satisfaction.