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Shloka 57

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

मूढ़बुद्धि मानव उस आत्माके सम्बन्धमें द्वैतभावसे युक्त धारणा रखते हुए कहते हैं --'सनातन अव्यक्त परमात्मा दूसरा है और पचीसवाँ तत्त्वरूप जीवात्मा दूसरा, परंतु साधु पुरुष उन दोनोंको एक मानते हैं ।।

yājñavalkya uvāca |

muḍhabuddhayaḥ mānavā ātmanaḥ sambandhe dvaitabhāvena yuktāṃ dhāraṇāṃ kṛtvā vadanti— “sanātanaḥ avyaktaḥ paramātmā anyaḥ, pañcaviṃśaḥ tattvarūpaḥ jīvātmā anyaḥ” iti; kintu sādhavaḥ puruṣāḥ tayor aikyaṃ manyante ||

te na etat abhinandanti pañcaviṃśakam acyutam |

janma-mṛtyu-bhayāt yogāḥ sāṅkhyāś ca paramaiṣiṇaḥ ||

janma-mṛtyu-bhayarahitāḥ paramapada-prāptim icchantaḥ sāṅkhyavidāḥ yoginaś ca jīvātma-paramātmanor bhedaṃ na manyante; jīveśvarābheda-vādinaṃ pūrvoktaṃ darśanaṃ vā sādhumatam api te’bhinandanti eva ||

Yājñavalkya sprach: Menschen von stumpfem Verstand, die am Dualismus in Bezug auf das Selbst festhalten, sagen: „Das ewige, unmanifestierte höchste Selbst ist das eine, und das fünfundzwanzigste Prinzip—das individuelle Selbst—ist etwas anderes.“ Doch die Weisen und Heiligen halten beides für eins. Die nach dem höchsten Ziel Strebenden—Sāṅkhya-Kenner und Yogins—frei von der Furcht vor Geburt und Tod, billigen es nicht, das „Fünfundzwanzigste“ (das individuelle Selbst) als vom Unvergänglichen getrennt zu behandeln. Sie akzeptieren keine harte Trennung zwischen jīva und dem Höchsten; vielmehr bekräftigen sie die Lehre, die ihre Nichtverschiedenheit verkündet, wie sie zuvor als Ansicht der Guten dargelegt wurde.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (doctrine/statement)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिनन्दन्तिapprove / applaud
अभिनन्दन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-नन्द्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
पञ्चविंशकम्the twenty-fifth (principle/entity)
पञ्चविंशकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चविंशक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अच्युतम्Acyuta (the imperishable Lord)
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जन्मfrom birth
जन्म:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मृत्युfrom death
मृत्यु:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
योगाःyogins / practitioners of yoga
योगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साङ्ख्याःSāṅkhyas / knowers of Sāṅkhya
साङ्ख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाङ्ख्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परमैषिणःseekers of the supreme (state)
परमैषिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम-एषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)
J
Jīvātman (individual self)
S
Sāṅkhya-knowers (sāṅkhyāḥ)
Y
Yogins (yogāḥ)
A
Acyuta (the Imperishable)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques a rigid dualism that separates the unmanifest Supreme Self from the individual self. It presents the ‘sādhu’ view: advanced Sāṅkhya-knowers and yogins, seeking the highest state and free from fear of birth and death, affirm non-difference (abheda) between jīva and the Imperishable.

In a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya instructs by contrasting two viewpoints: the dull-minded who posit two separate realities (Paramātman vs. jīvātman), and the spiritually mature seekers who regard them as one, endorsing the earlier-stated doctrine of non-duality.