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Shloka 4

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

कोशकारो यथा<55त्मानं कीट: समवरुन्धति । सूत्रतन्तुगुणर्नित्यं तथायमगुणो गुणौ:,जैसे रेशमका कीड़ा अपने ही उत्पन्न किये हुए तन्तुओंसे अपनेको सब ओरसे बाँध लेता है, उसी प्रकार यह निर्गुण आत्मा भी अपने ही प्रकट किये हुए प्राकृत गुणोंसे बाँध जाता है

kośakāro yathātmānaṁ kīṭaḥ samavarundhati | sūtratantuguṇair nityaṁ tathāyam aguṇo guṇaiḥ ||

Vasiṣṭha sprach: Wie der Seidenwurm sich mit den Fäden, die er selbst hervorbringt, ringsum einschließt und bindet, so wird auch dieses Selbst—obwohl es in Wahrheit jenseits aller Eigenschaften ist—durch eben die guṇas (Weisen der materiellen Natur) gebunden, die es selbst manifestiert. Die Lehre mahnt zu ethischer Wachsamkeit: Bindung wird nicht nur von außen auferlegt, sondern aus eigenen Gewohnheiten und Identifikationen gewoben; und Freiheit beginnt mit der Einsicht, dass die guṇas nicht das Selbst sind.

कोशकारःcocoon-maker (silkworm)
कोशकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोशकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आत्मानम्himself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कीटःworm, insect
कीटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकीट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समवरुन्धतिencloses, binds in on all sides
समवरुन्धति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + अव + रुध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूत्रतन्तुगुणैःby the thread-fiber strands
सूत्रतन्तुगुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसूत्रतन्तुगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अगुणःquality-less, beyond guṇas
अगुणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणैःby the qualities (guṇas)
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गुणवान्as if possessed of qualities
गुणवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
S
silkworm (kośakāra/kīṭa)
T
threads/filaments (sūtra-tantu)
G
guṇas (qualities/modes of prakṛti)
Ā
ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

Bondage is self-woven: the Self is intrinsically attributeless (aguṇa), yet through identification with the guṇas of prakṛti—habits, emotions, and mental dispositions it helps manifest—it experiences confinement. Discriminative knowledge (viveka) loosens this identification and points toward liberation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, Vasiṣṭha uses a vivid analogy: like a silkworm trapped in its own cocoon, the embodied being becomes trapped by its own produced guṇas. The verse functions as a didactic image within a larger discourse on how saṁsāra arises and how it can be transcended.