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Shloka 50

Saṃhāra-krama (The Sequence of Cosmic Dissolution) — Yājñavalkya’s Discourse

पृथ्वीनाथ! नृपश्रेष्ठ) काम

bhīṣma uvāca | pṛthvīnātha nṛpaśreṣṭha kāmaṁ krodhaṁ śītoṣṇe varṣāṁ bhayaṁ śokaṁ śvāsaṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ priyān viṣayān durjayam asantoṣaṁ ghorāṁ tṛṣṇāṁ sparśaṁ nidrāṁ tathā durjayam ālasyam jitvā vītarāgo mahān uttama-buddhi-yukto mahātmā yogī svādhyāyaṁ ca dhyānaṁ ca sampādya buddhyā sūkṣmam ātmānaṁ sākṣātkurvanti || durgas tv eṣa mataḥ panthā brāhmaṇānāṁ vipaścitām | yaḥ kaścid vrajati hy asmin kṣemeṇa bharatarṣabha ||

Bhīṣma sprach: O Herr der Erde, bester der Könige—wer Begierde und Zorn bezwungen hat; Kälte und Hitze; Regen; Furcht und Kummer; den unruhigen Atem; die Sinnesobjekte, die den Menschen lieb erscheinen; die schwer zu überwindende Unzufriedenheit; das wilde Verlangen; die Verlockung der Berührung; den Schlaf; und die hartnäckige Trägheit—der wird frei von Anhaftung. Ein solcher Yogin, groß an Seele und mit hohem, verfeinertem Intellekt begabt, vollendet Svādhyāya und Meditation und erkennt durch die Kraft der Unterscheidung unmittelbar das feine Selbst. Doch, o Stier der Bhāratas, die weisen Brahmanen haben diesen Pfad des Yoga als schwer wie eine Festung beurteilt; nur ein seltener Mensch durchschreitet ihn sicher und erfolgreich.

दुर्गःdifficult, hard to traverse
दुर्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मतःconsidered, regarded
मतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पन्थाःpath, way
पन्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्/पन्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विपश्चिताम्of the wise/learned
विपश्चिताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविपश्चित्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्चनsomeone, any (rare) person
कश्चन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इत्indeed (emphatic particle)
इत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्
व्रजतिgoes, proceeds
व्रजति:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
indeed, surely (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
क्षेमेणsafely, with security/well-being
क्षेमेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
Y
Yudhishthira (implied addressee: pṛthvīnātha, nṛpaśreṣṭha, bharatarṣabha)
B
Brahmanas (brāhmaṇāḥ)
Y
Yoga path (yoga-panthan)

Educational Q&A

Liberation-oriented yoga requires victory over inner enemies (desire, anger, discontent, craving) and bodily/mental pulls (sleep, laziness, attraction to sense-objects), along with endurance of opposites (cold/heat, rain, fear, grief). Through svādhyāya and dhyāna, guided by buddhi (discernment), the yogin gains direct realization of the subtle Self; however, the tradition acknowledges this path is exceptionally difficult and only rarely completed safely.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on the disciplines that lead to peace and the highest good. Here he describes the rigorous yogic path—its required conquests and practices—and adds a sober assessment: even learned Brahmanas call it hard to traverse, and only a few succeed.