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Shloka 12

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

निर्वेदादात्मसम्बोध: सम्बोधाच्छास्त्रदर्शनम्‌ । शाल्त्रार्थदर्शनाद्‌ राज॑ंस्तप एवानुपश्यति,राजन! वैराग्यसे मनुष्यको आत्मतत्त्वकी जिज्ञासा होती है। जिज्ञासासे शास्‍्त्रोंके स्वाध्यायमें मन लगता है तथा शास्त्रोंके अर्थ और भावके ज्ञानसे वह तपको ही कल्याणका साधन समझता है

nirvedād ātma-sambodhaḥ | sambodhāc chāstra-darśanam | śāstrārtha-darśanād rājan tapa evānupaśyati ||

Parāśara sprach: „Aus Unverhaftetsein erwacht das Erkennen des Selbst. Aus diesem Erwachen entsteht die rechte Hinwendung zu den Schriften. Und wenn man Sinn und Absicht der Schriften klar durchschaut, o König, erkennt man die Askese (tapas) — selbstbeherrschte Zucht und innere Übung — als das eigentliche Mittel zu Wohlergehen und geistigem Heil.“

निर्वेदात्from dispassion
निर्वेदात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्वेद
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
आत्मसम्बोधःknowledge/awakening of the Self
आत्मसम्बोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्म-सम्बोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्बोधात्from understanding
सम्बोधात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बोध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
शास्त्रदर्शनम्study/seeing of the scriptures
शास्त्रदर्शनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र-दर्शन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शास्त्रार्थदर्शनात्from insight into the meaning of scripture
शास्त्रार्थदर्शनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र-अर्थ-दर्शन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपःausterity, tapas
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुपश्यतिhe perceives/recognizes (as)
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√पश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
K
King (Rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a spiritual progression: dispassion (nirveda) leads to Self-awakening (ātma-sambodha); Self-awakening leads to sincere engagement with scripture; and understanding scripture’s meaning culminates in valuing tapas—disciplined austerity—as the effective means to true good.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation-oriented conduct, the sage Parāśara addresses a king, explaining how inner detachment matures into Self-knowledge, then into scriptural inquiry, and finally into commitment to austerity as a practical path.