Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

अध्याय २९४ — योगलक्षणम् तथा सांख्यपरिसंख्यानम्

Yoga Definition and Sāṃkhya Enumeration

वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यं च तथा शिल्पोपजीवनम्‌ । शूद्रस्थापि विधीयन्ते यदा वृत्ति्न जायते,जब शूद्र सेवावृत्तिसे जीविका न चला सके, तब उसके लिये भी व्यापार, पशुपालन तथा शिल्पकला आदिसे जीवन-निर्वाह करनेकी आज्ञा है

vāṇijyaṁ pāśupālyaṁ ca tathā śilpopajīvanam | śūdrasyāpi vidhīyante yadā vṛttir na jāyate ||

Parāśara sprach: „Wenn ein Śūdra seinen Lebensunterhalt nicht mehr durch seine gewohnte, dienstbezogene Erwerbsweise bestreiten kann, sind ihm auch andere Mittel des Unterhalts gestattet—Handel, das Halten und Hüten von Vieh sowie der Erwerb durch Handwerk. Die ethische Absicht besteht darin, Verelendung zu verhindern, indem man praktische, nicht schädigende Berufe erlaubt, wenn die gewöhnliche Pflicht das Leben nicht zu tragen vermag.“

वाणिज्यम्trade, commerce
वाणिज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाणिज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पाशुपाल्यम्cattle-rearing, tending animals
पाशुपाल्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाशुपाल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाalso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
शिल्पोपजीवनम्livelihood by crafts/arts
शिल्पोपजीवनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिल्पोपजीवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रस्थापिeven in the case of a Śūdra
शूद्रस्थापि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विधीयन्तेare prescribed/ordained
विधीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि + धा)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Plural
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
वृत्तिःmeans of livelihood, subsistence
वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जायतेarises, is possible/available
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
Ś
Śūdra

Educational Q&A

If a person cannot survive through the livelihood normally associated with their social duty, dharma permits alternative, socially constructive occupations—such as trade, animal husbandry, and crafts—so that life is sustained without falling into harmful or unethical means.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Parāśara lays down a rule about permissible livelihoods: for a Śūdra who cannot maintain himself through service, other occupations are allowed as a practical accommodation within dharma.