Next Verse

Shloka 1

Vasiṣṭha–Karāla-Janaka Saṃvāda: Aśuddha-Sevana, Guṇa-Dr̥ṣṭi, and Sāṃkhya–Yoga Ekārthatā

Mahābhārata 12.293

अपन क्ाता बछ। आर: 2 त्रिनवर्त्याधेकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: पराशरगीता--शूद्रके लिये सेवावृत्तिकी प्रधानता, सत्संगकी महिमा और चारों वर्णोंके धर्मपालनका महत्त्व पराशर उवाच वृत्ति: सकाशाद्‌ वर्णेभ्यस्त्रिभ्यो हीनस्य शोभना । प्रीत्योपनीता निर्दिष्टा धर्मिष्ठान्‌ कुरुते सदा,पराशरजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! शूद्रके लिये तीनों वर्णोकी सेवासे जीवन-निर्वाह करना ही सबसे उत्तम है। शूद्रके लिये निर्दिष्ट सेवावृत्तिका यदि वे प्रेमपूर्वक पालन करें तो वह सदा उन्हें धर्मिष्ठ बनाती है

parāśara uvāca | vṛttiḥ sakāśād varṇebhyas tribhyo hīnasya śobhanā | prītyopanītā nirdiṣṭā dharmiṣṭhān kurute sadā ||

Parāśara sprach: „O König, für den, der unter den drei (höheren) Varṇas steht, ist der angemessenste Lebensunterhalt der Dienst an ihnen. Wird dieser vorgeschriebene Dienst mit Wohlwollen und Hingabe verrichtet, macht er den Menschen fortwährend standhaft im Dharma.“

वृत्तिःlivelihood; occupation
वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सकाशात्from; from the presence of
सकाशात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसकाश
वर्णेभ्यःfrom the varnas (social orders)
वर्णेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
त्रिभ्यःfrom three
त्रिभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
हीनस्यof one who is deprived/less (i.e., the one lacking the three)
हीनस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शोभनाexcellent; auspicious
शोभना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशोभन
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रीत्याwith affection; gladly
प्रीत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
उपनीताundertaken; adopted; brought into practice
उपनीता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-नी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
निर्दिष्टाprescribed; enjoined
निर्दिष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्-दिश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
धर्मिष्ठान्righteous; devoted to dharma
धर्मिष्ठान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुरुतेmakes; renders
कुरुते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
T
the King (rājan, implied addressee)
T
the three varṇas (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya)
Ś
śūdra (implied by 'hīna' relative to the three)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that a prescribed livelihood aligned with one’s social duty—here, service as a vocation—when performed willingly and with goodwill, becomes a means of cultivating steadiness in dharma rather than merely a way to survive.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, the sage Parāśara addresses a king and begins outlining duties and proper livelihoods by varṇa, emphasizing the ethical value of performing one’s assigned work with sincere intention.