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Shloka 51

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

देहो वा जीवतो<भ्येति जीवो वाभ्येति देहत: । पथि संगममभ्येति दारैरन्यैश्व बन्धुभि:,(आस्तिक मतके अनुसार) जीव (चेतन) से शरीरकी उत्पत्ति हो या (नास्तिकोंकी मान्यताके अनुसार) शरीरसे जीवकी। सर्वथा स्त्री-पुत्र आदि या अन्य बन्धुओंके साथ जो समागम होता है, वह रास्तेमें मिलनेवाले राहगीरोंके समान ही है

deho vā jīvato ’bhyeti jīvo vābhyeti dehataḥ | pathi saṅgamam abhyeti dārair anyaiś ca bandhubhiḥ ||

Janaka sprach: Ob man meint, der Körper entstehe aus dem lebenden Selbst (jīva), oder das lebende Selbst entstehe aus dem Körper — in jedem Fall gleicht das Zusammentreffen mit Frau, Kindern und anderen Verwandten der zufälligen Begegnung von Reisenden auf einem Weg: kurz, bedingt, und nicht als dauernder Besitz festzuhalten.

देहःbody
देहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
जीवतःfrom the living being (jīva)
जीवतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootजीवत्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अभ्येतिcomes forth/comes into being
अभ्येति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
जीवःthe living being (soul/jīva)
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अभ्येतिcomes forth/comes into being
अभ्येति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
देहतःfrom the body
देहतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पथिon the road/along the way
पथि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संगमम्meeting/association
संगमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंगम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्येतिattains/comes to
अभ्येति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दारैःwith wives/spouses
दारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अन्यैःwith other
अन्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बन्धुभिःwith relatives/kinsmen
बन्धुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
D
deha (body)
J
jīva (living self)
D
dāra (spouse)
B
bandhu (relatives)
P
patha (road)

Educational Q&A

Janaka teaches vairāgya (non-attachment): regardless of one’s metaphysical view about whether body precedes consciousness or consciousness precedes body, worldly relationships are temporary encounters, so one should not cling to them as enduring identity or possession.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and right living, King Janaka speaks as a philosopher-king, using a road-traveler analogy to reframe household bonds as transient associations, guiding the listener toward equanimity and discernment.