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Shloka 11

Śreyas-nirdeśa (Discerning the Superior Good): Nārada–Gālava Saṃvāda

रात्र्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामायुरल्पतरं यदा । गाधोदके मत्स्य इव सुखं विन्देत कस्तदा,जब प्रत्येक रात बीतनेके बाद आयु क्षीण होकर कुछ-न-कुछ थोड़ी होती चली जा रही है, तब छिछले पानीमें रहनेवाली मछलीके समान कौन सुख पा सकता है?

rātryāṁ rātryāṁ vyatītāyām āyur alpataram yadā | gāḍhodake matsya iva sukhaṁ vindeta kas tadā ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Mit jeder vergehenden Nacht wird das Leben kürzer. Wenn die Lebensspanne so stetig schwindet, wer könnte da wahrhaft Glück finden—wie ein Fisch, der im seichten Wasser ringt?“

रात्र्याम्in the night
रात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
रात्र्याम्in (each) night
रात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
व्यतीतायाम्when (it) has passed
व्यतीतायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्य-इ (व्येति) / व्यतीत
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
आयुःlife-span
आयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अल्पतरम्smaller, diminished
अल्पतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्पतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गाढ-उदकेin shallow water
गाढ-उदके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगाढ + उदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मत्स्यःa fish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सुखम्happiness, comfort
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विन्देतmight find / could obtain
विन्देत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
F
fish (matsya)
N
night (rātri)

Educational Q&A

Time relentlessly reduces one’s remaining life; therefore complacent pleasure is fragile and often illusory. The verse urges urgency in dharma and inner discipline, since worldly comfort cannot be secure when life is steadily running out.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous living and the realities of human existence. Here he uses a vivid simile—like a fish in shallow water—to stress how difficult it is to attain genuine ease while one’s lifespan is continually diminishing.