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Shloka 42

अहिंसा-प्रधान धर्मविचारः

Ahiṃsā as the Superior Dharma: Practical and Scriptural Reasoning

सभी देवता पुण्य क्षय होनेपर इस लोकमें आकर मरणथधर्मा नामसे विभूषित होते हैं और सभी मरणथधर्मा मनुष्य पुण्यके प्रभावसे मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ देवसंज्ञासे संयुक्त होते हैं। अतः राजसिंह! तुम अपने पुत्रके लिये शोक न करो। तुम्हारा पुत्र स्वर्गलोकमें जाकर आनन्द भोग रहा है ।।

pitāmaha uvāca | sarve devatāḥ puṇya-kṣaye ’smin loke āgatya maraṇa-dharmā nāma-vibhūṣitā bhavanti, sarve ca maraṇa-dharmā manuṣyāḥ puṇya-prabhāvāt mṛtyoḥ paścāt deva-saṃjñayā saṃyuktā bhavanti | ataḥ rāja-siṃha tvaṃ putrasya śokaṃ mā kṛthāḥ | tava putraḥ svarga-lokaṃ gatvā ānandaṃ bhuṅkte || evaṃ mṛtyur deva-sṛṣṭā prajānāṃ prāpte kāle saṃharantī yathāvat | tasyāś caiva vyādhayas te ’śru-pātāḥ prāpte kāle saṃharantīha jantūn ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Wenn das Verdienst der Götter erschöpft ist, kommen sie in diese Welt und werden mit dem Namen ‚Sterbliche‘ geschmückt. Und sterbliche Menschen werden, durch die Kraft ihres Verdienstes, nach dem Tod mit der Bezeichnung ‚Götter‘ verbunden. Darum, o Löwe unter den Königen, trauere nicht um deinen Sohn. Dein Sohn ist in den Himmel gelangt und genießt dort die Wonne. So wurde der Tod selbst vom Schöpfer für die Lebewesen gestaltet; wenn die rechte Zeit gekommen ist, nimmt er sie in gebührender Ordnung hinweg. Und eben jene ‚Tropfen‘ des Todes werden zu Krankheiten; wenn die Zeit reif ist, bringen sie hier in dieser Welt das Ende der Geschöpfe herbei.“

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवसृष्टाcreated by the gods
देवसृष्टा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवसृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of creatures/subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्राप्तेwhen (it) has come/arrived
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संहरन्तीdestroys/withdraws
संहरन्ती:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Feminine (agreeing with मृत्युः as personified feminine agent)
यथावत्properly, as it should be
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
तस्यof it/of that (death)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
व्याधयःdiseases
व्याधयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose/they
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्रुपाताःtear-falls; (here) drops/attacks (metaphorically)
अश्रुपाताः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्रुपात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राप्तेwhen (it) has come
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संहरन्तिdestroy/withdraw
संहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
जन्तून्living beings
जन्तून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
D
devas (gods)
H
humans (manuṣyāḥ)
B
Brahmā / the Creator (implied by deva-sṛṣṭā; explicitly in the prose gloss)
S
svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Merit and status are not permanent: gods can become mortal when their merit is spent, and humans can attain divine status through merit. Therefore grief should be tempered by understanding karmic order and the destined time of death, which operates according to a cosmic law.

Bhīṣma addresses a grieving king (rāja-siṃha), urging him not to mourn his son, who has attained heaven. He then explains that death is a divinely ordained principle that withdraws beings at the appointed time, often through the agency of diseases.