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Shloka 15

कामद्रुम-रूपकः तथा शरीर-पुर-रूपकः

The Desire-Tree and the Body-as-City Metaphors

नवनीतं यथा दध्नः काष्ठादग्निर्यथैव च । तथैव विदुषां ज्ञानं पुत्र हेतो: समुद्धूतम्‌,बेटा! मनुष्य जैसे दहीसे मक्खन निकालते हैं और काठसे आग प्रकट करते हैं, उसी प्रकार मैंने भी विद्वानोंके लिये ज्ञानजनक यह मोक्षशास्त्र शास्त्रोंकी मथकर निकाला है यदूर्ध्व पादतलयोरवाड्‌मूर्थ्नश्व॒ पश्यति । एतस्मिन्नेव कृत्ये तु वर्तते बुद्धिरुत्तमा पैरोंसे ऊपर और मस्तकसे नीचे मनुष्य जो कुछ देखता है अर्थात्‌ सम्पूर्ण शरीरको जो अहंभावसे देखना है, इस कार्यमें उत्तम बुद्धि प्रवृत्त होती है। तात्पर्य यह कि शरीरमें जो अहंभावका अनुभव है, वह बुद्धिका ही रूपान्तर है

navanītaṁ yathā dadhnaḥ kāṣṭhād agnir yathaiva ca | tathaiva viduṣāṁ jñānaṁ putra hetoḥ samuddhūtam || yad ūrdhva-pādatayor avāṅ-mūrdhnaś ca paśyati | etasminn eva kṛtye tu vartate buddhir uttamā ||

Vyāsa sprach: „Mein Sohn, wie Butter aus geronnener Milch herausgebuttert wird und wie Feuer aus Holz hervorgebracht wird, so ist auch diese befreiende Lehre, die wahre Erkenntnis hervorbringt, für die Gelehrten durch das ‘Buttern’ der Schriften gewonnen worden. Und alles, was ein Mensch im Körper als ‘Ich’ wahrnimmt—von den Fußsohlen aufwärts und vom Scheitel abwärts—gerade in diesem Vorgang ist der höchste Intellekt (buddhi) tätig. Das ‘Ich’-Gefühl im Körper ist in Wahrheit nur eine Umwandlung des Intellekts.“

नवनीतम्butter
नवनीतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनवनीत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दध्नःfrom curd
दध्नः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदधि
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
काष्ठात्from wood
काष्ठात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विदुषाम्of the learned
विदुषाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रO son
पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
हेतोःfor the sake of / for the purpose of
हेतोः:
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समुद्धूतम्churned out / extracted
समुद्धूतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-√धू
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
यद्which/that (what)
यद्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ऊर्ध्वabove/upwards
ऊर्ध्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व
पादतलयोःin/at the soles of the feet (i.e., at the feet)
पादतलयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपादतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
अवाक्downwards/below
अवाक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवाक्
मूर्ध्नःfrom the head
मूर्ध्नः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्धन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Root√पश्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतस्मिन्in this
एतस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कृत्येin the task/act
कृत्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वर्ततेoperates/engages/is active
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Root√वृत्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमाexcellent/supreme
उत्तमा:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
P
putra (son, the addressee)
N
navanīta (butter)
D
dadhi (curd)
K
kāṣṭha (wood)
A
agni (fire)
B
buddhi (intellect)

Educational Q&A

Liberating knowledge is not invented but extracted as an essence through disciplined inquiry—like butter from curd or fire from wood. The verse also points to a key psychological insight: the sense of ‘I’ tied to the body is a function (a modification) of buddhi, not the true Self; recognizing this supports detachment and the pursuit of mokṣa.

Vyāsa addresses his ‘son’ (the listener in the discourse) and justifies the mokṣa-śāstra he is presenting: it is distilled from the broader śāstric tradition. He then analyzes embodied self-perception, explaining that the intellect’s activity constructs the body-centered ‘I’-sense.