Shloka 15
महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self
चतुर्थश्नौपनिषदो धर्म: साधारण: स्मृत: । वानप्रस्थाद् गृहस्थाच्च ततो<न्य: सम्प्रवर्तते
vyāsa uvāca | caturthaś ca upaniṣado dharmaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ | vānaprasthād gṛhasthāc ca tato 'nyaḥ sampravartate ||
Vyāsa sprach: „Die in den Upaniṣaden gelehrte Dharma—besonders mit dem vierten Āśrama (Saṃnyāsa) verbunden—wird als ‘sādhāraṇa’, als ‘gemeinsam’, in Erinnerung gehalten: Sie ist von Menschen in allen Lebensstufen zu pflegen. Doch die eigentümliche Disziplin des vierten Āśrama selbst verläuft anders als die des Hausvaters und des Waldlebenden (vānaprastha).“
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
Upaniṣadic inner disciplines—restraint, calm, endurance, and collectedness—are universal duties (sādhāraṇa-dharma) for all āśramas, even though the specific lifestyle and obligations of saṃnyāsa differ from those of the householder and forest-dweller.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and life-stages, Vyāsa clarifies how renunciant teachings relate to the broader āśrama system: the inner ethical virtues are shared across stages, while the formal duties of the fourth stage (saṃnyāsa) are distinct.