Shloka 14

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

संवत्सरं द्वे त्वयने वदन्ति संख्याविदो दक्षिणमुत्तरं च,विद्वान पुरुष दो अयनोंको मिलाकर एक संवत्सर कहते हैं। वे दो अयन हैं--उत्तरायण और दक्षिणायन

Transliteration

saṃvatsaraṃ dve tv ayane vadanti saṅkhyāvido dakṣiṇam uttaraṃ ca |

Translation

Vyāsa sprach: Die im Rechnen Kundigen erklären, dass ein einziges Jahr (saṃvatsara) aus zwei „Läufen“ (ayanas) besteht: dem südlichen Lauf (dakṣiṇāyana) und dem nördlichen Lauf (uttarāyaṇa).

Word by Word

संवत्सरम्a year

द्वेtwo

तुbut/indeed

अयनेthe two solstitial courses (ayanas)

वदन्तिsay/declare

संख्याविदःknowers of calculation/number (reckoners)

दक्षिणम्southern

उत्तरम्northern

चand

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

saṃvatsara (year)

dakṣiṇāyana

uttarāyaṇa

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Time is to be understood through orderly divisions: a ‘year’ is defined as the union of two half-year solar courses—uttarāyaṇa and dakṣiṇāyana—showing a disciplined, knowledge-based approach to measuring and reflecting on time.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is giving an instructive definition from the standpoint of learned reckoners, explaining how the annual cycle is constituted by two ayanas (northward and southward solar courses).