Shloka 4
Brāhmaṇa-kṛtya, Āśrama-niyama, and Dāna-prasaṃsā
Duties of the Brāhmaṇa, āśrama discipline, and praise of giving
Devanagari script
नमुचिर्वाच अनिवार्येण शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते । अमित्राश्ष प्रह्ृष्यन्ति शोके नास्ति सहायता
Translation
Namuci sprach: „O König der Götter, Indra! Wenn der Kummer nicht zu hemmen ist, versengt er den Leib, und die Feinde frohlocken. Und im Kummer liegt keinerlei Hilfe, das Unheil abzuwenden.“
Word by Word
नमुचिःNamuci
नमुचिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनमुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनिवार्येणby unavoidable (grief)
अनिवार्येण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिवार्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शोकेनby grief
शोकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शरीरम्the body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
उपतप्यतेis afflicted / is tormented
उपतप्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
अमित्राःenemies
अमित्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रहृष्यन्तिrejoice
प्रहृष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहृष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
शोकेin grief
शोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सहायताhelp / assistance
सहायता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहायता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes