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Shloka 13

Brāhmaṇa-kṛtya, Āśrama-niyama, and Dāna-prasaṃsā

Duties of the Brāhmaṇa, āśrama discipline, and praise of giving

पययिह्न्यमानानामभियोक्ता न विद्यते | दुःखमेतत्‌ तु यद्‌ द्वेष्टा कर्ताहमिति मन्यते

paryāyihnyamānānām abhiyoktā na vidyate | duḥkham etat tu yad dveṣṭā kartāham iti manyate ||

Bhishma sprach: „Für jene, die immer wieder von Freuden und Leiden getroffen werden, die im rechten Lauf der Zeit eintreffen, gibt es keinen anderen Ankläger—keinen äußeren Schuldigen, dem man die Schuld zuschieben könnte. Das eigentliche Leid liegt hierin: Der Mensch, der den gegenwärtigen Schmerz hasst, bildet sich ein: ‚Ich bin der Täter (dieses Leidens)‘, und so bindet er sich durch Abneigung und falsche Täterschaft an die Bedrängnis.“

पययिह्न्यमानानाम्of those being afflicted/struck
पययिह्न्यमानानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपययिह्न्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; धातु-अनिश्चित/पाठभेद)
FormMasculine/Neuter (contextual), Genitive, Plural
अभियोक्ताaccuser; one who charges (a culprit)
अभियोक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभियोक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्/विद्-धातु; अस्तित्वे ‘विद्यते’)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दुःखम्sorrow; suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्that which; because
यत्:
TypePronoun/Indeclinable (relative)
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (contextual), Singular
द्वेष्टाhater; one who feels aversion
द्वेष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताdoer; agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; ‘…’ (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मन्यतेthinks; considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Pleasure and pain arise in the natural course of time; blaming an external agent is misguided. Suffering deepens when one reacts with aversion and falsely identifies as the autonomous doer—“I am the maker of this”—instead of seeing experiences as time-conditioned and to be borne with equanimity.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhishthira, Bhishma continues his ethical-philosophical counsel, explaining how wise understanding of time, causality, and non-attachment reduces grief and prevents the mind from creating an enemy or culprit for inevitable life experiences.