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Shloka 23

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

परप्रत्ययसर्गे तु नियतिननिवर्तते । भावान्तप्रभवप्रज्ञा आसते ये विपर्ययम्‌,जिनको ब्रह्मज्ञान प्राप्त हो गया है, उनका प्रारब्ध अनुसरण नहीं करता है अर्थात्‌ वे प्रारब्धके बन्धनसे मुक्त हो जाते हैं। परंतु जो इसके विपरीत स्थितिमें हैं अर्थात्‌ जिनका अज्ञान दूर नहीं हुआ है, वे प्रारब्धवश जन्म-मृत्युके चक्करमें पड़े रहते हैं

para-pratyaya-sarge tu niyatiḥ na nivartate | bhāvānta-prabhava-prajñā āsate ye viparyayam ||

Bhishma sprach: Im Gang des Daseins, der durch Abhängigkeit vom „Anderen“ (äußeren Stützen und Vorstellungen) geprägt ist, kehrt das Geschick nicht um. Doch jene, deren Einsicht aus einer Wandlung des Seins hervorgeht—die im wahren Wissen gegründet sind—verharren nicht im verkehrten Zustand; während die, die im entgegengesetzten Zustand bleiben, mit nicht beseitigter Unwissenheit, weiterhin von ihrem zugeteilten Los getrieben werden und im Kreislauf von Geburt und Tod umhergehen.

परin/with regard to another (i.e., external)
पर:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रत्ययcognition; conviction; knowledge
प्रत्यय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्गेin creation; in the course of manifestation
सर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यतिःthe ascetic; the restrained one
यतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निवर्ततेturns back; returns; desists
निवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootनिवृत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
भावान्तfrom another state/condition
भावान्त:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभावान्त
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रभवfrom arising; from origin
प्रभव:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रज्ञाःinsights; wisdoms; intelligences
प्रज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
आसतेsit; remain; abide
आसते:
TypeVerb
Rootआस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
येwho; those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विपर्ययम्error; inversion; contrary state
विपर्ययम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma contrasts two conditions: those grounded in external, mistaken reliance remain bound to niyati (often understood as prārabdha-driven worldly momentum), while those whose wisdom arises from an inner transformation (true knowledge) are not held in the contrary state of error and are effectively free from bondage to the cycle of birth and death.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira about the difference between the ignorant person who continues under the compulsion of fate and samsara, and the knower whose awakened insight breaks the binding force of karmic continuity.