Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

Doṣa-Parīkṣā and Guṇa-Viveka

Examination of Faults and Discernment of the Guṇas

तपसा चानुमानेन गुणैर्जात्या श्रुतेन च निनीषेत्‌ परमं ब्रह्म विशुद्धेनान्तरात्मना,इसलिये तपसे, अनुमानसे, शम आदि गुणोंसे, जातिगत धर्मोंके पालनसे तथा शास्‍्त्रोंके स्वाध्यायसे अन्तःकरणको विशुद्ध करके उसके द्वारा परब्रह्मको प्राप्त करनेकी इच्छा करे

tapasā cānumānena guṇair jātyā śrutena ca ninīṣet paramaṃ brahma viśuddhenāntarātmanā

Bhīṣma sprach: „Darum soll man danach streben, das höchste Brahman zu erlangen, indem man zuerst das innere Selbst läutert: durch Askese, durch diszipliniertes Schließen und vernünftiges Erwägen, durch Tugenden wie Selbstbeherrschung, durch treue Befolgung des Dharma gemäß Stand und Lebensstufe, und durch das Studium der heiligen Lehren. Ist das Innere klar und makellos geworden, so suche man die höchste Wirklichkeit.“

तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुमानेनby inference
अनुमानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुमान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गुणैःby virtues/qualities
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
जात्याby (one's) birth/class (i.e., prescribed duty by birth)
जात्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
श्रुतेनby scripture/hearing (Vedic learning)
श्रुतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निनीषेत्should lead (oneself) / should strive to attain
निनीषेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormVidhi-lin (Optative), Present-system (injunctive/optative sense), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विशुद्धेनby the purified
विशुद्धेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशुद्ध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अन्तरात्मनाby the inner self (purified mind/inner soul)
अन्तरात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahman (Supreme Reality)

Educational Q&A

Liberation-oriented knowledge is grounded in inner purity. Bhishma teaches that the seeker should cleanse the inner self through disciplined austerity, thoughtful reasoning, cultivation of virtues like self-restraint, faithful performance of one’s rightful duties, and scriptural study; with such purified inwardness, one can seek and realize the Supreme Brahman.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira. Here he outlines practical means—tapas, rational inquiry, ethical virtues, duty, and study—by which a person purifies the inner instrument and becomes fit to pursue realization of Brahman.