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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

एते वै साधवो दृष्टा ब्राह्मणा धर्मभिक्षव: | निःस्वेभ्यो देयमेतेभ्यो दानं विद्या च भारत,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! सम्पूर्ण वेदों और उपनिषदोंका पारंगत विद्वान्‌ ब्राह्मण यदि यज्ञ करनेवाला हो तथा उसका धन चोर चुरा ले गये हों तो राजाका कर्तव्य है कि वह उसे आचार्यकी दक्षिणा देने, पितरोंका श्राद्ध करने तथा वेद-शास्त्रोंका स्वाध्याय करनेके लिये धन दे। भरतनन्दन! ये श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मण प्राय: धर्मके लिये धनकी भिक्षा माँगते देखे गये हैं। इन्हें दान और विद्याध्ययनके लिये धन देना चाहिये

ete vai sādhavo dṛṣṭā brāhmaṇā dharmabhikṣavaḥ | niḥsvebhyo deyam etebhyo dānaṁ vidyā ca bhārata ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Diese Brahmanen gelten wahrlich als tugendhaft—Bettler nur um des dharma willen. Darum, o Bhārata, soll man ihnen, wenn sie mittellos sind, Gaben geben, damit die Wohltätigkeit erfüllt und das Lernen erhalten werde.“

एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
साधवःgood/virtuous men
साधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दृष्टाःseen/observed
दृष्टाः:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त, Passive (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मभिक्षवःbeggars for dharma (those who beg for righteous purposes)
धर्मभिक्षवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मभिक्षु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निःस्वेभ्यःfrom the poor / than the poor
निःस्वेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिःस्व
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
देयम्is to be given / should be given
देयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formयत् (gerundive), Passive (obligative), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
एतेभ्यःto these
एतेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
दानम्gift, charity
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विद्याlearning/knowledge (study)
विद्या:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
B
Brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that almsgiving is especially appropriate toward virtuous Brahmins who seek support for dharma and learning; when they are destitute, providing resources for study and righteous duties is itself a kingly obligation aligned with dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous governance and conduct, Bhīṣma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and identifies a class of worthy recipients—Brahmins who beg not for indulgence but for dharma—urging that they be supported through gifts so that sacred learning and religious obligations can continue.