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Shloka 3

Tapas as the Root of Attainment (तपः—साधनमूलप्रशंसा)

आत्मनो बलमास्थाय कथं वर्तेत मानव: । आगच्छतो>तिक्रुद्धस्य तस्योद्धरणकाम्यया

ātmano balam āsthāya kathaṁ varteta mānavaḥ | āgacchato 'tikruddhasya tasyoddharaṇakāmyayā ||

Yudhiṣṭhira fragte: „Wie soll ein Mensch, der sich nur auf seine eigene Kraft stützt, handeln, wenn ein weit stärkerer Feind—stets nahe, fähig zu helfen wie zu schaden und unablässig tatkräftig—durch törichtes Prahlen gereizt wurde und nun in äußerstem Zorn heranrückt, entschlossen, ihn mit der Wurzel auszureißen? Welche Lebensweise schützt den, der angegriffen wird?“

आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बलम्strength
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving relied on / taking refuge in
आस्थाय:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (आ-स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
वर्तेतshould behave / should conduct oneself
वर्तेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्त्)
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Present-system, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मानवःa man
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आगच्छतःof (him) who is coming / of the approaching one
आगच्छतः:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम् (आगच्छत्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अतिक्रुद्धस्यof the exceedingly enraged (one)
अतिक्रुद्धस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिक्रुद्ध
Formक्त (past passive participle from क्रुध् with अति-), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
उद्धरणकाम्ययाwith the desire to uproot/overthrow (him)
उद्धरणकाम्यया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्धरणकाम्य
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha, implied addressee)
A
a powerful enemy (śatru, implied)
A
a weaker man (mānava, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-question about practical ethics: when one has foolishly provoked a much stronger adversary, mere bravado is useless; one must adopt conduct grounded in realistic self-assessment, restraint, and protective strategy rather than pride.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira consults Bhīṣma on righteous conduct and policy. Here he asks how a weaker person should behave when a powerful, nearby, capable enemy—angered by the weaker person’s improper words—attacks with the intent to destroy him.