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Shloka 37

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

न ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीत कल्याणी गौर्न दुह्मृते । न कन्योद्धहनं गच्छेद्‌ यदि दण्डो न पालयेत्‌,यदि दण्ड मर्यादाकी रक्षा न करे तो ब्रह्मचारी वेदोंके अध्ययनमें न लगे, सीधी गौ भी दूध न दुहावे और कन्या ब्याह न करे

na brahmacāry adhīyīta kalyāṇī gaur na duhmṛte | na kanyoddahanaṃ gacched yadi daṇḍo na pālayet ||

Arjuna sprach: „Wenn die Macht der Strafe und der Herrschaft—daṇḍa—die Ordnung nicht wahrt, dann wird ein brahmacārin sich nicht dem Studium der Veden widmen; selbst eine sanfte, gutmütige Kuh wird keine Milch geben; und eine Jungfrau wird nicht zur Ehe schreiten. Ohne den Schutz rechtmäßiger Zügelung zerfallen die gewöhnlichen Rhythmen von dharma und gesellschaftlichem Leben.“

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीतshould study (the Veda)
ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अध्ययने)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
कल्याणीauspicious, good
कल्याणी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकल्याणी
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
गौःcow
गौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुह्यतेis milked / yields milk
दुह्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदुह् (दोहने)
FormLat (present indicative), 3rd, singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कन्याmaiden, daughter
कन्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
उद्वहनम्marriage (being led away in marriage)
उद्वहनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्वहन
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गच्छेत्should go / would proceed
गच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गतौ)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
दण्डःpunishment; royal authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयेत्should protect/maintain (order)
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (पालने)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
brahmacārin (Vedic student)
C
cow (gauḥ)
M
maiden (kanyā)
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/governance)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that daṇḍa—lawful restraint and enforcement by authority—is necessary to safeguard dharma. When order is protected, education, economic life, and family institutions function; when it is not, even basic duties and social trust break down.

In the Shanti Parva’s discussion on dharma and statecraft, Arjuna speaks to emphasize the practical necessity of governance: without enforcement of boundaries, people will not reliably pursue study, livelihood, or marriage, and society becomes unstable.