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Shloka 36

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

विधाताने दण्डका विधान इस उद्देश्यसे किया है कि चारों वर्णोके लोग आनन्दसे रहें, सबमें अच्छी नीतिका बर्ताव हो तथा पृथ्वीपर धर्म और अर्थकी रक्षा रहे ।। यदि दण्डान्न बिभ्येयुर्वयांसि श्वापदानि च । अद्यु: पशून्‌ मनुष्यांश्व॒ यज्ञार्थानि हवींषि च,यदि पक्षी और हिंसक जीव दण्डके भयसे डरते न होते तो वे पशुओं, मनुष्यों और यज्ञके लिये रखे हुए हविष्योंको खा जाते

daṇḍakāḥ vidhātānena etad-uddeśena kṛtāḥ yat caturṇāṁ varṇānāṁ lokā ānandena tiṣṭheyuḥ, sarveṣu sad-nīti-vyavahāraḥ syāt, tathā pṛthivyāṁ dharmārthayoḥ rakṣā bhavet. yadi daṇḍān na bibhyeyur vayāṁsi śvāpādāni ca, adyuḥ paśūn manuṣyāṁś ca yajñārthāni havīṁṣi ca.

Der Ordner setzte die Strafe—daṇḍa—zu diesem Zweck ein: dass die Menschen der vier Stände in Zufriedenheit leben, dass gute Sitte und rechte Staatsklugheit unter allen herrschen, und dass auf Erden sowohl dharma als auch artha (materielles Wohlergehen) geschützt seien. Denn wenn Vögel und reißende Tiere die Strafe nicht fürchteten, würden sie das Vieh und sogar Menschen verschlingen und auch die für das Opfer (yajña) bereitgehaltenen Oblationen (havis) verzehren.

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
दण्डात्from the punishment; due to the punishment
दण्डात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बिभ्येयुःwould fear
बिभ्येयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभी
FormOptative (Potential), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
वयांसिbirds
वयांसि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
श्वापदानिbeasts of prey; wild animals
श्वापदानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वापद
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अद्युःwould eat
अद्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormOptative (Potential), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
पशून्animals (cattle etc.)
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मनुष्यान्humans
मनुष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यज्ञार्थानिintended for sacrifice
यज्ञार्थानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञार्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
हवींषिoblations
हवींषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

अजुन उवाच

D
daṇḍa (punishment/royal authority)
C
catur-varṇa (four social orders)
P
pṛthivī (earth)
D
dharma
A
artha
V
vayāṁsi (birds)
Ś
śvāpada (predatory beasts)
P
paśu (livestock)
M
manuṣya (humans)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
H
havis (oblations)

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa), as a principle of governance, is justified as a protective force: it sustains social peace, enables ethical conduct (nīti), and safeguards both dharma (moral order) and artha (public welfare). Without deterrence, the strong would prey upon the weak and even sacred institutions like sacrifice would be endangered.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on kingship and order, the speaker explains why the institution of punishment was established. A concrete example is given: if animals and birds did not fear chastisement, they would freely ravage herds, harm people, and consume sacrificial offerings—showing how daṇḍa functions as a necessary restraint in society.