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Shloka 15

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

वसुहोम बोले--राजन्‌! दण्ड सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌के नियमके अंदर रखनेवाला है। यह धर्मका सनातन स्वरूप है। इसका उद्देश्य है प्रजाको उद्दण्डतासे बचाना। इसकी उत्पत्ति जिस तरहसे हुई है, सो बता रहा हूँ; सुनो ।।

Vasuharomā uvāca—rājan! daṇḍaḥ sampūrṇaṁ jagad niyamasya antargataṁ dhārayati. eṣa dharmasya sanātanaḥ svarūpaḥ. asya prayojanaṁ prajāṁ auddaṇḍyāt rakṣitum. asya utpattiḥ yathābhūtā mayā te kathyate; śṛṇu. brahmā yiyakṣuḥ bhagavān sarvalokapitāmahaḥ, ṛtvijaṁ nātmanas tulyaṁ dadarśa—iti hi naḥ śrutam.

Vasuharoma sprach: „O König, daṇḍa ist es, was die ganze Welt innerhalb der Grenzen der Ordnung hält. Dies ist die ewige Gestalt des dharma, bestimmt, das Volk vor Gesetzlosigkeit und Übermut zu schützen. Nun will ich dir sagen, wie es seinen Ursprung nahm — höre. Wir haben vernommen, dass einst der erhabene Brahmā, der Pitāmaha aller Welten, ein Opfer (yajña) darbringen wollte, doch keinen Opferpriester (ṛtvij) fand, der ihm ebenbürtig gewesen wäre.“

ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यियक्षुःdesiring to sacrifice (wishing to perform a yajña)
यियक्षुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
Formउ (desiderative participle), Singular, Masculine, Nominative
भगवान्the blessed/lordly one
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वलोकपितामहःthe grandsire of all worlds
सर्वलोकपितामहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व-लोक-पितामह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋत्विजम्a priest (ṛtvij)
ऋत्विजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विज्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof himself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तुल्यम्equal (to him)
तुल्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formलिट् (perfect), Perfect (past), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
नःof us / to us
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
श्रुतम्heard (it is heard/known)
श्रुतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharomā)
राजन् (the king, addressed)
दण्ड (Daṇḍa, punishment/royal authority)
ब्रह्मा (Brahmā)
ऋत्विज् (ṛtvij, sacrificial priest)
यज्ञ (yajña, sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

Daṇḍa (punitive authority) is presented as an eternal instrument of dharma that maintains social and cosmic order by restraining unruliness; its ethical aim is protection of the people rather than mere retribution.

Vasuharoma begins explaining the origin and purpose of daṇḍa to the king, introducing a traditional account in which Brahmā wishes to perform a sacrifice but cannot find an officiating priest equal to himself—setting up the ensuing origin-story.