Shloka 22
Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies
Gaṇa-nīti
क्रोधो भेदो भयं दण्ड: कर्षणं निग्रहो वध: । नयत्यरिवशं सद्यो गणान् भरतसत्तम
bhīṣma uvāca | krodho bhedo bhayaṃ daṇḍaḥ karṣaṇaṃ nigraho vadhaḥ | nayaty-arivaśaṃ sadyo gaṇān bharatasattama ||
Bhishma sprach: „O Bester der Bharatas! Zorn, Spaltung in Parteien, Furcht, strafende Gewalt, das Schwächen und Herabziehen anderer, Zwang und Unterdrückung, ja selbst Töten—wenn solche Neigungen in einem Bund oder einer Republik aufkommen, liefern sie ihr Volk rasch der Macht der Feinde aus.“
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma teaches that a polity—especially a collective body like a gaṇa—collapses from within when it becomes ruled by anger, factionalism, fear, and coercive violence; such internal vices swiftly make it vulnerable to external enemies.
In the Shanti Parva instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma is explaining principles of governance and social stability, warning that internal discord and harsh coercion in a republic or assembly-state quickly results in subjugation by hostile powers.