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Shloka 8

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

न शत्रुर्विवृतः कार्यो वधमस्याभिकाडुक्षता | क्रोधं भयं च हर्ष च नियम्य स्वयमात्मनि,शत्रुके वधकी इच्छा रखनेवाले राजाको चाहिये कि वह क्रोध, भय और हर्षको अपने मनमें ही रोक ले तथा शत्रुकोी सावधान न करे

na śatrur vivṛtaḥ kāryo vadham asyābhikāṅkṣatā | krodhaṁ bhayaṁ ca harṣaṁ ca niyamya svayam ātmani ||

Bhishma sprach: „Ein König, der die Vernichtung eines Feindes beabsichtigt, soll sein Vorhaben nicht offenbaren und den Feind dadurch warnen. Zorn, Furcht und Überschwang halte er in seinem eigenen Geist im Zaum, verberge die Absicht und wahre strenge Selbstbeherrschung im Handeln.“

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
śatruḥenemy
śatruḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootśatru
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vivṛtaḥmade aware; disclosed; alerted
vivṛtaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-vṛ (√vṛ, to cover/open) / vivṛta (ppp)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
kāryaḥto be done; should be made
kāryaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootkārya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vadhamkilling; slaying
vadham:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootvadha
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
asyaof him/this (of the enemy)
asya:
TypeNoun
Rootidam (pronoun base: asmad/etad family; gen. asya)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
abhikāṅkṣatāby one desiring (to do)
abhikāṅkṣatā:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi-kāṅkṣ (√kāṅkṣ, to desire) / abhikāṅkṣat (pr. ptc.)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
krodhamanger
krodham:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkrodha
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
bhayamfear
bhayam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootbhaya
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
harṣamjoy; elation
harṣam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootharṣa
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
niyamyahaving restrained; controlling
niyamya:
TypeVerb
Rootni-yam (√yam, to restrain) / niyamya (gerund)
FormGerund (Absolutive)
svayamoneself
svayam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam
ātmaniin oneself; in the mind
ātmani:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootātman
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemy (śatru)
K
king (implied: rājā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must practice inner restraint—especially over anger, fear, and excitement—and avoid revealing hostile intentions, since emotional display and disclosure can alert an enemy and undermine effective, dharmic governance.

In the Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on rāja-dharma (the duties and conduct of kings). Here he gives practical counsel on dealing with enemies: maintain secrecy of intent and govern one’s emotions to prevent strategic and moral failure.