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Shloka 26

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

गौतमो दक्षिणे पाश्वे शकैश्न यवनै: सह । अश्वत्थामा पृष्ठतो5भूत्‌ काम्बोजै: परिवारित:

sañjaya uvāca | gautamo dakṣiṇe pārśve śakaiś ca yavanaiḥ saha | aśvatthāmā pṛṣṭhato 'bhūt kāmbojaiḥ parivāritaḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Auf dem rechten Flügel stand Gautama (Kṛpācārya) zusammen mit den Śakas und Yavanas; und im Rücken stand Aśvatthāmā, von den Kāmbojas umringt. Der Vers zeichnet die Schlachtordnung der Kauravas nach und zeigt, wie erfahrene Befehlshaber und verbündete Kontingente so gestellt wurden, dass sie die Formation schützten—ein Bild berechneter Kriegsordnung, in der Treue zur eigenen Seite und strategische Pflicht persönliches Wohl überwiegen, während die ethische Tragödie des brudermörderischen Kampfes fortdauert.

गौतमःGautama (Kripa)
गौतमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दक्षिणेon the right
दक्षिणे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्श्वेside/flank
पार्श्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शकैःwith the Shakas
शकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यवनैःwith the Yavanas
यवनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयवन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthaman
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पृष्ठतःfrom/at the rear, behind
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतस्
अभूत्was/stood
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAorist (simple past), 3rd, Singular
काम्बोजैःby/with the Kambojas
काम्बोजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्बोज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
परिवारितःsurrounded
परिवारितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-√वृ (परिवारयति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Gautama (Kṛpācārya/Kṛpa)
Ś
Śakas
Y
Yavanas
A
Aśvatthāmā
K
Kāmbojas

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined placement and collective duty in war: commanders accept assigned roles—flank and rear protection—to uphold their side’s safety. Ethically, it underscores how dharma in a battlefield context often appears as loyalty and responsibility within a tragic, destructive conflict.

Sañjaya describes positions within the Kaurava formation: Kṛpācārya (Gautama) stands on the right with Śaka and Yavana troops, while Aśvatthāmā holds the rear, surrounded by Kāmboja warriors—indicating a guarded, structured deployment.