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Shloka 53

गदायुद्धप्रतिज्ञा — The Vow and Terms of the Mace Duel

तथाप्येन॑ ह्वतं युद्धे लोका द्रक्ष्यन्ति माधव । “माधव! यद्यपि यह छल-कपटकी विद्यामें बड़ा चतुर है, तथापि कपट करके मेरे हाथसे जीवित नहीं छूट सकता। यदि समरांगणमें साक्षात्‌ वज्रधारी इन्द्र इसकी सहायता करें तो भी युद्धमें इसे सब लोग मरा हुआ ही देखेंगे”,गच्छ त्वं भुड्क्ष्व राजेन्द्र पृथिवीं निहतेश्वराम्‌ । हतयोधां नष्टरत्नां क्षीणवृत्ति्यथासुखम्‌ राजेन्द्र! जाओ, जिसके स्वामीका नाश हो गया है, योद्धा मारे गये हैं और सारे रत्न नष्ट हो गये हैं, उस पृथ्वीका आनन्दपूर्वक उपभोग करो; क्योंकि तुम्हारी जीविका क्षीण हो गयी थी

tathāpy enaṁ hṛtaṁ yuddhe lokā drakṣyanti mādhava | “mādhava! yadyapi ayaṁ chala-kapaṭa-vidyāyāṁ baḍā caturaḥ, tathāpi kapaṭaṁ kṛtvā mama hastād jīvitaṁ na mucyate | yadi samarāṅgaṇe sākṣād vajradhārī indraḥ asya sahāyaḥ syāt, tathāpi yuddhe enaṁ sarve lokā mṛtam eva drakṣyanti” | gaccha tvaṁ bhuṅkṣva rājendra pṛthivīṁ nihatēśvarām | hata-yodhāṁ naṣṭa-ratnāṁ kṣīṇa-vṛttyā yathā-sukham ||

Sañjaya sprach: „Dennoch, o Mādhava, werden die Menschen ihn im Kampf niedergestreckt sehen. ‘Mādhava! So überaus kundig er auch in den Künsten von Trug und List ist, er wird mir nicht lebend entkommen, indem er zu Betrug greift. Selbst wenn Indra selbst, der Träger des Donnerkeils, ihm auf dem Schlachtfeld beistünde, würden doch alle Menschen ihn im Krieg erschlagen sehen.’ ‘So geh denn, o König; genieße die Erde, deren Herr vernichtet ist—deren Krieger gefallen und deren Schätze verloren sind—nach deinen nun geschmälerten Mitteln, so gut du kannst.’“

तथाthus, in that way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हतम्slain, killed
हतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
लोकाःpeople
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्रक्ष्यन्तिwill see
द्रक्ष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural
माधवO Mādhava
माधव:
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गच्छgo
गच्छ:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperative (Loṭ), Second, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
भुङ्क्ष्वenjoy, partake (of)
भुङ्क्ष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormImperative (Loṭ), Second, Singular, Ātmanepada
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पृथिवीम्the earth, kingdom
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निहतslain, destroyed
निहत:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
ईश्वराम्having a lord/master
ईश्वराम्:
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निहतेश्वराम्whose ruler has been slain
निहतेश्वराम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिहत-ईश्वर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हतslain
हत:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
योधाम्army/host (as fighting force)
योधाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हतयोधाम्whose warriors/army are slain
हतयोधाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-योधा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नष्टlost, destroyed
नष्ट:
TypeAdjective
Rootनश्
रत्नाम्treasure, jewels
रत्नाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरत्न
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नष्टरत्नाम्whose treasures are destroyed
नष्टरत्नाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट-रत्न
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षीणdiminished, exhausted
क्षीण:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षि
वृत्तिम्livelihood, means of subsistence
वृत्तिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षीणवृत्तिम्whose livelihood is diminished
क्षीणवृत्तिम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीण-वृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सुखम्happiness, comfort
सुखम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथासुखम्at ease, comfortably, as you please
यथासुखम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा-सुखम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
I
Indra (Vajradhārī)
P
Pṛthivī (the earth/kingdom)
V
Vajra (thunderbolt)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts reliance on deceit with the inevitability of moral and martial consequence: cleverness in trickery cannot ultimately avert the results of one’s actions in a dharmic war. It also underscores the grim ethical reality of kingship after devastation—rule becomes the management of loss, not triumph.

Sañjaya reports a warrior’s fierce declaration to Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava): even if the opponent is skilled in deception and even if Indra helps him, he will still be seen slain. The speech then turns to the aftermath of war, telling a king to go and ‘enjoy’ (i.e., rule) an earth left masterless, with warriors dead and treasures destroyed, living within reduced means.