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Shloka 15

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

ततो<5परान्‌ पञ्चशतान्‌ महात्मा नाराचमुख्यान्‌ विससर्ज कुम्भे । स तैस्तु विद्ध: परमद्विपो रणे तदा परावृत्य भृशं प्रदुद्रवे

tato ’parān pañcaśatān mahātmā nārācamukhyān visasarga kumbhe | sa tais tu viddhaḥ paramadvipo raṇe tadā parāvṛtya bhṛśaṃ pradudrave ||

Sañjaya sprach: Daraufhin entsandte jener großherzige Kämpfer weitere fünfhundert auserlesene nārāca-Pfeile, auf den Stirnhöcker des Elefanten zielend. Von ihnen getroffen und im Getümmel schwer verwundet, wandte sich der mächtige Herr der Elefanten vom Kampf ab und floh in großer Geschwindigkeit. Die Szene zeigt, dass im Krieg selbst die gewaltigste Stärke unter unablässigem Durchbohren zusammenbricht, und dass Gewalt—so wirksam sie taktisch sein mag—Wesen in Furcht und Flucht treibt, nicht zu wahrer Sieghaftigkeit.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अपरान्other, additional
अपरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पञ्चशतान्five hundred
पञ्चशतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चशत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाराचमुख्यान्chiefly (i.e., including) narāca-arrows
नाराचमुख्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनाराचमुख्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विससर्जreleased, discharged
विससर्ज:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कुम्भेon the temple (of the elephant)
कुम्भे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुम्भ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe, that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तैःby those (arrows)
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विद्धःpierced, wounded
विद्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमद्विपःthe best of elephants
परमद्विपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरमद्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
परावृत्यhaving turned away
परावृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरावृत्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
भृशम्greatly, exceedingly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
प्रदुद्रवेran forth, fled
प्रदुद्रवे:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
N
nārāca (arrows)
K
kumbha (elephant’s frontal globe/temple)
P
paramadvipa (mighty elephant/elephant-lord)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring Mahābhārata insight: physical might and pride are fragile under sustained harm, and violence often produces fear-driven retreat rather than any moral resolution. It also reflects the harsh kṣatriya battlefield ethic—skillful targeting and overwhelming force decide outcomes, even against majestic creatures.

Sañjaya describes Dhṛṣṭadyumna releasing five hundred superior nārāca arrows aimed at the elephant’s kumbha (frontal globe). The elephant, badly wounded, turns away from the battle and flees rapidly.