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Shloka 4

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Saṃvāda

Kṛpa’s Counsel on Destiny and Human Effort

सत्पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ अश्वत्थामन्‌! केवल दैव या प्रारब्धसे अथवा अकेले पुरुषार्थसे भी कार्योंकी सिद्धि नहीं होती है। दोनोंके संयोगसे ही सिद्धि प्राप्त होती है ।। ताभ्यामुभाभ्यां सर्वार्था निबद्धा अधमोत्तमा: । प्रवृत्ताश्वैव दृश्यन्ते निवृत्ताश्विव सर्वश:,उन दोनोंसे ही उत्तम-अधम सभी कार्य बँधे हुए हैं। उन्हींसे प्रवृत्ति और निवृत्ति- सम्बन्धी कार्य होते देखे जाते हैं

satpuruṣeṣu śreṣṭha aśvatthāman! kevalaṃ daivāt vā prārabdhāt athavā kevalena puruṣārthena api kāryāṇāṃ siddhir na bhavati; ubhayasaṃyogenaiva siddhiḥ prāpyate. tābhyām ubhābhyāṃ sarvārthā nibaddhā adhamottamāḥ; pravṛttāś caiva dṛśyante nivṛttāś caiva sarvaśaḥ.

Kṛpa sprach: „O Aśvatthāman, Bester unter den Edlen: Vollendung entsteht weder aus dem Schicksal (oder dem bereits zu wirken begonnenen Vorherbestimmten) allein, noch aus menschlicher Anstrengung allein. Erfüllung wird nur durch das Zusammenwirken beider erlangt. Von diesen beiden hängen alle Ziele ab—hohe wie niedrige; und durch sie sieht man überall Taten des Sich-Einlassens wie Taten des Rückzugs.“

ताभ्याम्by those two
ताभ्याम्:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formfeminine, instrumental, dual
उभाभ्याम्by both
उभाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
Formfeminine, instrumental, dual
सर्वार्थाःall aims/objects (all purposes)
सर्वार्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वार्थ
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
निबद्धाःbound, dependent
निबद्धाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-बन्ध्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अधम-उत्तमाःlow and high (inferior and superior)
अधम-उत्तमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधम + उत्तम
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
प्रवृत्ताःengaged, active (in activity)
प्रवृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वृत्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
दृश्यन्तेare seen, are observed
दृश्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formpresent, ātmanepada (passive-like sense), third, plural
निवृत्ताःwithdrawn, refraining (in cessation)
निवृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-वृत्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सर्वशःin every way, entirely
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशस्

कृप उवाच

K
Kṛpa
A
Aśvatthāman

Educational Q&A

Kṛpa teaches that outcomes arise from the combined operation of daiva/prārabdha (fate, already-fructifying karma) and puruṣārtha (human effort). Neither alone is sufficient; both together condition all results, whether considered noble or base, and they underlie both engagement in action (pravṛtti) and withdrawal from action (nivṛtti).

In the Sauptika Parva, after the great war’s climax, Kṛpa addresses Aśvatthāman in a moment of intense moral and strategic tension. He frames the situation philosophically, reminding him that success and failure are not solely a matter of personal will or destiny, but of their interplay—an admonition that implicitly bears on how Aśvatthāman should choose his next course of action.