Shloka 2
Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament and Kṛṣṇa’s Rudra-Cosmogony Explanation (सौप्तिक पर्व, अध्याय १७)
Devanagari script
कथं नु कृष्ण पापेन क्षुद्रेणाकृतकर्मणा । द्रौणिना निहता: सर्वे मम पुत्रा महारथा:
Translation
«Wie konnte, o Kṛṣṇa, der sündige, niederträchtige Drauṇi—ohne irgendeine verdienstvolle Tat vollbracht zu haben—alle meine Söhne, diese großen Wagenkämpfer, erschlagen?»
Word by Word
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
नुindeed/then (emphatic particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
कृष्णO Krishna
कृष्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पापेनby/with sin; by a sinful (one)
पापेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
क्षुद्रेणby a vile/mean (person)
क्षुद्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अकृतकर्मणाby one who has not performed (meritorious) deeds
अकृतकर्मणा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
द्रौणिनाby Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa)
द्रौणिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
निहताःslain/killed
निहताः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ममof me/my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes