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Shloka 53

न्यवर्तन्त यथा शोरं मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम्‌ । उस समय वहाँ भगे हुए महाधनुर्धर नरश्रेष्ठ पांचाल मृत्युको ही युद्धसे लौटनेकी अवधि निश्चित करके पुनः सूतपुत्र कर्णसे जूझनेके लिये लौट आये ।। तान्‌ निवृत्तान्‌ रणे शूरान्‌ राधेय: शत्रुतापन:

sañjaya uvāca |

nyavartanta yathā śūraṁ mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam |

tadā tatra bhagebhyo mahādhanurdharā naraśreṣṭhāḥ pāñcālā mṛtyum eva yuddhāt nivartanasya avadhiṁ niścitya punaḥ sūtaputra-karṇena yoddhuṁ pratyāgacchan ||

tān nivṛttān raṇe śūrān rādhēyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ |

Sañjaya sprach: Wie es Tapfere tun, kehrten sie um und machten den Tod selbst zur einzigen Grenze des Rückzugs aus der Schlacht. Da setzten jene Ersten unter den Pāñcālas, große Bogenschützen, die zuvor geflohen waren, ihre Rückkehr aus dem Kampf allein auf den Tod und kamen wieder, um sich mit Karṇa, dem Sohn des Sūta, zu messen. Als Rādheya — der Feindversenger — diese Helden in die Schlacht zurückkehren sah, (bereitete er sich vor, ihnen zu begegnen).

न्यवर्तन्तthey turned back / returned
न्यवर्तन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, Plural
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शूरम्a hero, brave man
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made / having done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (Absolutive/Gerund), Active
निवर्तनम्turning back, return
निवर्तनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिवर्तन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निवृत्तान्returned, turned back
निवृत्तान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवृत्त (नि+वृत्)
Formक्त (Past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शूरान्heroes, brave men
शूरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
राधेयःRādheya (Karna)
राधेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराधेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुतापनःscorcher of enemies
शत्रुतापनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशत्रुतापन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa (Sūtaputra, Rādheya)
P
Pāñcālas
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the warrior ethic of steadfastness: retreat is not to be chosen for comfort or fear, and true resolve treats death as the only permissible boundary when duty in battle is undertaken.

Pāñcāla warriors who had previously fled return to the battlefield with renewed determination to fight Karṇa again, having resolved that only death will end their engagement; Karṇa notices these returning heroes and prepares to confront them.