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Shloka 1

Aśvatthāman’s Arrow-Screen and the Confrontation with Yudhiṣṭhira (द्रौणि–युधिष्ठिर-संग्रामः)

ऑपन-माज बछ। डे चत्वारिशो< ध्याय: कर्णका शल्यको फटकारते हुए मद्रदेशके निवासियोंकी निन्दा करना एवं उसे मार डालनेकी धमकी देना संजय उवाच अधिक्षिप्तस्तु राधेय: शल्येनामिततेजसा । शल्यमाह सुसंक्रुद्धो वाकुशल्यमवधारयन्‌,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! अमिततेजस्वी शल्यके इस प्रकार आक्षेप करनेपर राधापुत्र कर्ण अत्यन्त कुपित हो उठा और यह वचनरूपी शल्य (बाण) छोड़नेके कारण ही इसका नाम शल्य पड़ा है, ऐसा निश्चय करके शल्यसे इस प्रकार बोला

sañjaya uvāca | adhikṣiptas tu rādheyaḥ śalyenāmitatejasā | śalyam āha susaṅkruddho vākuśalyam avadhārayan |

Sañjaya sprach: O König, als Śalya von unermesslicher Kraft ihn so verhöhnte, loderte Rādheya (Karna), der Sohn der Rādhā, in Zorn auf. Und indem er sich einprägte, Śalya trage diesen Namen, weil er mit widerhakigen Worten verwunde—wie mit einem aus Sprache geschmiedeten Wurfspieß—, wandte sich Karna an Śalya und erwiderte wie folgt.

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अधिक्षिप्तःinsulted, taunted
अधिक्षिप्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधिक्षिप्त (अधि-क्षिप्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राधेयःRadheya (Karna)
राधेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराधेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शल्येनby Shalya
शल्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अमिततेजसाof immeasurable splendor
अमिततेजसा:
TypeAdjective
Rootअमिततेजस्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शल्यम्Shalya
शल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुसंक्रुद्धःvery enraged
सुसंक्रुद्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुसंक्रुद्ध (सु-सम्-क्रुध्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाक्speech, word
वाक्:
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उशल्यम्unclear reading (possibly 'शल्यं' intended)
उशल्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउशलि (पाठभेद/अस्पष्ट)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवधारयन्considering, determining
अवधारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-धृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karna (Rādheya)
Ś
Śalya
K
King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'O King')

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how harmful speech functions like a weapon: taunts can pierce more deeply than arms, provoking anger and destabilizing judgment. Ethically, it warns that verbal aggression within one’s own camp can erode solidarity and dharmic restraint, especially in crisis.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Śalya has insulted Karna. Karna becomes intensely angry and, reflecting on Śalya’s very name as ‘one who pierces’—here through barbed words—prepares to answer Śalya with a sharp verbal retort.