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Shloka 36

कर्णेन युधिष्ठिरानीकविदारणम् / Karṇa’s Breach of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Battle-Line

यो यज्ञे विहित: पूर्वमीशानस्य महात्मन: । संवत्सरो धनुस्तद्‌ वै सावित्री ज्या महास्वना,पूर्वकालमें जो महात्मा महादेवजीके यज्ञमें निर्मित हुआ था, वह संवत्सर ही उनके लिये धनुष बना और सावित्री उस धनुषकी महान्‌ टंकार करनेवाली प्रत्यंचा बनी

yo yajñe vihitaḥ pūrvam īśānasya mahātmanaḥ | saṃvatsaro dhanus tad vai sāvitrī jyā mahāsvanā ||

Duryodhana sprach: „Was einst im Opferritus des großgesinnten Īśāna (Śiva) geschmiedet wurde—das Jahr selbst (saṃvatsara) wurde zu seinem Bogen, und Sāvitrī wurde zur Sehne, die mit mächtigem Klang erschallt.“ In dieser Rede erscheint die Waffe als aus heiliger Ordnung hervorgegangen und verleiht der angerufenen Kriegsmacht göttliche Beglaubigung und ehrfürchtiges Grauen.

यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञेin the sacrifice
यज्ञे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विहितःordained/constructed/arranged
विहितः:
Karta
TypeParticiple
Rootवि + धा (धातु) → विहित (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (past passive participle)
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
ईशानस्यof Īśāna (Śiva)
ईशानस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootईशान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महात्मनःof the great-souled
महात्मनः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
संवत्सरःthe year
संवत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सावित्रीSāvitrī (the Gāyatrī/Sāvitrī mantra)
सावित्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसावित्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ज्याbowstring
ज्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
महास्वनाhaving great sound (loud-twangling)
महास्वना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहास्वन
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
Ī
Īśāna (Śiva/Mahādeva)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
S
saṃvatsara (year/time-cycle)
D
dhanuḥ (bow)
S
Sāvitrī
J
jyā (bowstring)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents martial power as rooted in sacred and cosmic structures: time itself (the year) becomes a weapon, and the sacred Sāvitrī becomes its string. It suggests that force, when portrayed as arising from yajña and divine order, gains an aura of legitimacy and inevitability—an ethical reminder of how religious symbolism can be used to authorize worldly power.

Duryodhana is describing (and glorifying) a divine bow associated with Īśāna/Śiva, recounting its mythic origin in a sacrifice. By emphasizing its sacred construction and thunderous bowstring, he heightens the sense of supernatural might surrounding the weapons and the impending combat.