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Shloka 55

Karṇa’s advance against the Pāṇḍava host; Arjuna’s clash with the Saṃśaptakas (कर्णस्य पाण्डवसेनाप्रवेशः—अर्जुनस्य संशप्तकसंप्रहारः)

नमो देवाधिदेवाय धन्विने वनमालिने

namo devādhidevāya dhanvine vanamāline | dakṣaprajāpateḥ yajña-vidhvaṃsine namaḥ | prajāpatiḥ api yasya stutiṃ karoti | sarvaiḥ stutaḥ sa eva stutyaḥ sarve ca tam eva stuvanti | kalyāṇasvarūpāya śambhave namaḥ ||

Duryodhana erweist Śiva ehrfürchtige Huldigung und preist ihn als den höchsten Herrn unter den Göttern, den Bogenträger und den Träger des Waldkranzes. Er erinnert an Śivas furchtbare Macht, der einst das Opfer Dakṣa Prajāpatis zerschmetterte, betont jedoch, dass selbst Prajāpati ihn rühmt. Indem er erklärt, dass alle Wesen Śiva preisen und nur er wahrhaft des Lobes würdig sei, verneigt sich Duryodhana vor Śambhu als der Verkörperung des Heilsamen—und sucht göttliche Gunst inmitten von Gefahr und moralischer Bedrängnis des Krieges.

नमःsalutation; homage
नमः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनमस्
FormAvyaya (indeclinable interjection)
देवाधिदेवायto the god above (all) gods
देवाधिदेवाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवाधिदेव
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
धन्विनेto the bowman; to the archer
धन्विने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootधन्विन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
वनमालिनेto the wearer of a forest-garland
वनमालिने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवनमालिन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
Ś
Śiva (Śambhu)
D
Dakṣa Prajāpati
P
Prajāpati
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
B
bow
F
forest-garland (vanamālā)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the supremacy and paradoxical nature of the divine: Śiva is both terrifyingly capable of overturning ritual pride (destroying Dakṣa’s sacrifice) and yet the very embodiment of auspiciousness (kalyāṇa). Ethically, it warns that status and ritual do not guarantee righteousness; humility before a higher moral-divine order is essential, especially in crisis.

In the midst of the Karṇa Parva war setting, Duryodhana turns to a devotional hymn, saluting Śiva with exalted epithets and mythic references. The praise functions as a plea for protection and success, revealing Duryodhana’s reliance on divine support even as the conflict intensifies.