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Shloka 53

ब्राह्मणं वृद्धमाचार्य न्यस्तशस्त्रं महामुनिम्‌ । घातयित्वाद्य राज्यार्थे मृतं श्रेयो न जीवितम्‌,एक तो वे ब्राह्मण, दूसरे वृद्ध और तीसरे अपने आचार्य थे। इसके सिवा उन्होंने हथियार नीचे डाल दिया था और महान मुनिवृत्तिका आश्रय लेकर बैठे हुए थे। इस अवस्थामें राज्यके लिये उनकी हत्या कराकर मैं जीनेकी अपेक्षा मर जाना ही अच्छा समझता हूँ

brāhmaṇaṃ vṛddham ācārya nyastaśastraṃ mahāmunim | ghātayitvā'dya rājyārthe mṛtaṃ śreyo na jīvitam ||

Arjuna sagte: „Er ist ein Brāhmaṇa, ein Greis und zudem unser eigener Lehrer—er hat die Waffen niedergelegt, wie ein großer Weiser. Wenn ich ihn heute um eines Königreiches willen töten ließe, dann wäre mir der Tod besser als das Leben.“

ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृद्धम्aged, old
वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आचार्यO teacher (address)
आचार्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
न्यस्तlaid down, set aside
न्यस्त:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootनि-स्था
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
शस्त्रम्weapon
शस्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महामुनिम्the great sage
महामुनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहामुनि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
घातयित्वाhaving caused (him) to be slain
घातयित्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootघातय् (णिच् of हन्)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Causative, Non-finite
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
राज्यfor the kingdom
राज्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अर्थेfor the sake/purpose (in the matter) of
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मृतम्death (to die)
मृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
श्रेयःbetter, preferable
श्रेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not (than)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जीवितम्life, living
जीवितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna (speaker)
Ā
Ācārya (the teacher—contextually Droṇa)
B
Brāhmaṇa
W
Weapons (śastra)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical limit in warfare: even for political victory, killing a revered teacher—especially one who is a brāhmaṇa, elderly, and disarmed—is portrayed as morally ruinous. Arjuna frames death as preferable to living with the burden of such adharma.

In the Drona Parva context, Arjuna reflects on the prospect of having his own preceptor killed for the sake of gaining the kingdom. He emphasizes the teacher’s protected status (brāhmaṇa, aged, disarmed, sage-like) and expresses revulsion at the idea, declaring he would rather die than live after enabling such a killing.