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Shloka 21

दुर्योधन–द्रोणसंवादः

Arjuna-vīrya-prasaṃśā and renewed battle formation

'सूतपुत्र कर्ण! तुम शरद्‌-ऋतुके निष्फल बादलोंके समान गर्जना करके भी निष्फल ही दिखायी देते हो; किंतु राजा दुर्योधन इस बातको नहीं समझ रहे हैं ।। तावद्‌ गर्जस्व राधेय यावत्‌ पार्थ न पश्यसि | आरात्‌ परर्थ हि ते दृष्टवा दुर्लभं गर्जितं पुन:

sañjaya uvāca |

sūtaputra karṇa! tvaṁ śarad-ṛtuke niṣphala-bādalān iva garjanāṁ kṛtvāpi niṣphala eva dṛśyase; kintu rājā duryodhana etad na budhyate ||

tāvad garjasva rādheya yāvat pārthaṁ na paśyasi |

ārāt parārthaṁ hi te dṛṣṭvā durlabhaṁ garjitaṁ punaḥ ||

Sañjaya sagte: „O Karṇa, Sohn eines Wagenlenkers! Wie unfruchtbare Herbstwolken dröhnst du laut und erscheinst doch in der Tat ohne Ertrag; aber König Duryodhana begreift es nicht. Brülle nur weiter, o Rādheya, solange du Pārtha nicht erblickst; denn sobald du ihn gesehen hast, wird dein Donner kaum noch zu finden sein.“

तावत्until then / so long
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
FormAvyaya (temporal/limit adverb)
गर्जस्वroar (you)! / thunder!
गर्जस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootगर्ज्
FormImperative (loṭ), 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada
राधेयO Rādheya (Karna)
राधेय:
TypeNoun
Rootराधेय
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
यावत्as long as / until
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
FormAvyaya (correlative with तावत्)
पार्थO Pārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormNegation particle
पश्यसिyou see
पश्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormPresent (laṭ), 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada
आरात्from near / at close quarters
आरात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआरात्
FormAvyaya (adverb)
परार्थम्the other’s purpose / another’s sake
परार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरार्थ
FormMasculine/Neuter (usage as abstract), accusative, singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
FormAvyaya (emphasis/causal particle)
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive singular (enclitic)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-न्त), indeclinable; ‘having seen’
दुर्लभम्rare / hard to obtain
दुर्लभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्लभ
FormNeuter, nominative/accusative, singular (agreeing with गर्जितम्)
गर्जितम्roaring / thunder-like boast
गर्जितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगर्जित
FormNeuter, nominative/accusative, singular; past passive participle used as noun (‘roaring’)
पुनःagain / further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
FormAvyaya (adverb)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa
D
Duryodhana
R
Rādhā (implied by rādheya)
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques empty bravado: loud claims without corresponding action are ‘fruitless’ like autumn clouds. Ethically, it warns that speech should align with capability and responsibility, especially in war where boasting can mislead allies and distort judgment.

Sanjaya, narrating events, mocks Karna’s loud threats and suggests they last only until he actually faces Arjuna (Partha). He also notes Duryodhana’s failure to recognize this, highlighting the Kaurava camp’s misplaced confidence.