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Shloka 14

अध्याय ८८ — घटोत्कच-दुर्योधनयुद्धवर्णनम्

Ghaṭotkaca–Duryodhana Engagement

मद्राधिपं समभित्यज्य संख्ये स्वभागमाप्तं तमनन्तकीर्ति: । सार्थ स माद्रीसुतभीमसे नै- भीष्म ययौ शान्तनवं रणाय,उस समय उत्कृष्ट बलशाली अनन्तकीर्ति महात्मा युधिष्ठिर भी युद्धमें अपने भागके रूपमें प्राप्त हुए मद्रराज शल्यको छोड़कर नकुल, सहदेव और भीमसेनके साथ क्रोधपूर्वक तुरंत वहाँसे चल दिये और युद्धके लिये शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्मके पास जा पहुँचे

sañjaya uvāca |

madhrādhipaṃ samabhityajya saṅkhye svabhāgam āptaṃ tam anantakīrtiḥ |

sārthaḥ sa mādrīsuta-bhīmasenaiḥ bhīṣmaṃ yayau śāntanavaṃ raṇāya ||

Sañjaya sprach: Mitten im Kampf ließ der mächtige und ruhmreiche Yudhiṣṭhira—dessen Ruhm unerschöpflich ist—Śalya, den König von Madra, beiseite, der ihm als zugeteilter Gegner zugefallen war, und zog, begleitet von den Söhnen Mādrīs (Nakula und Sahadeva) sowie von Bhīmasena, sogleich in Zorn los, um Bhīṣma, den Sohn Śāntanus, zum Kampf zu stellen. Die Stelle betont die ethische Spannung des Krieges: Selbst wenn ein Gegner durch die Umstände „zugewiesen“ ist, können dringende Pflicht und strategische Notwendigkeit den Krieger zur größeren Bedrohung auf dem Feld lenken.

मद्राधिपम्the lord of Madra (Shalya)
मद्राधिपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्राधिप (मद्र + अधिप)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समभित्यज्यhaving completely abandoned
समभित्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), सम् + अभि, Parasmaipada (usage-neutral in gerund)
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या/सङ्ख्य (युद्ध/समरार्थे)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
स्वभागम्one's own allotted share
स्वभागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाग (स्व + भाग)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आप्तम्obtained/attained
आप्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनन्तकीर्तिःAnantakirti (of endless fame; Yudhiṣṭhira)
अनन्तकीर्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनन्तकीर्ति (अनन्त + कीर्ति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सार्थम्together with
सार्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्थम् (स + अर्थम्)
Formtrue
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माद्रीसुतwith the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva)
माद्रीसुत:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमाद्रीसुत (माद्री + सुत)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
भीमसेनैःwith Bhīmasena (and others)
भीमसेनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भीष्मम्Bhīṣma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ययौwent
ययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शान्तनवम्the son/descendant of Śāntanu
शान्तनवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्तनव (शान्तनु + अण्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणायfor battle
रणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Anantakīrti)
Ś
Śalya (king of Madra)
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
M
Madra

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the tension between what is ‘allotted’ (svabhāga) and what becomes the higher immediate duty in a crisis. In war-ethics, a leader may set aside a personally assigned engagement to address the greater threat, provided the action serves the larger responsibility of protecting one’s side and restoring order on the battlefield.

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira, leaving aside Śalya—who had come to him as his designated opponent—moves quickly and angrily with Nakula, Sahadeva, and Bhīma to engage Bhīṣma (Śāntanu’s son) in direct combat.