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Shloka 24

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

प्रतीयू रथिनो नागा नागांश्व रथिनो ययु: । हयारोहान्‌ रथारोहा रथिनश्लापि सादिन:,रथियोंकी ओर हाथी और हाथियोंकी ओर रथी बढ़े। घुड़सवारोंपर रथारोही तथा रथारोहियोंपर घुड़-सवार चढ़ आये

pratīyur rathino nāgā nāgāṁś ca rathino yayuḥ | hayārohān rathārohā rathināś cāpi sādinaḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Die Elefantenkrieger drängten gegen die Wagenkämpfer, und die Wagenkämpfer rückten ihrerseits gegen die Elefanten vor. Die Krieger auf den Streitwagen stürmten auf die Reiterei, und auch die Kavallerie wogte gegen die Wagenleute an — jede Waffengattung traf in dem wilden, ineinandergreifenden Ansturm der Schlacht auf ihr Gegenstück.

प्रतीयुःadvanced, moved forward
प्रतीयुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-इ (धातु: इ)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (past narrative), 3, plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
नागान्elephants (as object/target)
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अश्व-रथिनःhorse(-mounted) chariot-warriors / horsemen (contextual)
अश्व-रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व + रथिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ययुःwent, charged
ययुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु: या)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (past narrative), 3, plural
हयारोहान्horse-riders
हयारोहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय + आरोह
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
रथारोहाःchariot-riders
रथारोहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आरोह
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
रथारोहिणःthose mounted on chariots
रथारोहिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आरोहिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सादिनःcavalrymen, riders
सादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
rathinaḥ (chariot-warriors)
N
nāgāḥ (war-elephants)
H
hayārohāḥ (horsemen/cavalry)
R
rathārohāḥ (chariot-riders)

Educational Q&A

The verse is primarily descriptive rather than doctrinal: it highlights the ordered yet violent engagement of different military divisions. Implicitly, it reflects the kṣatriya-world of the epic, where disciplined confrontation and role-based duty (dharma as one’s function in war) frame the chaos of battle.

Sañjaya reports a clash of arms on the battlefield: elephant units move against chariot fighters, chariot fighters counter the elephants, chariot-riders attack horsemen, and cavalry press back against the charioteers—depicting a simultaneous, reciprocal charge among the main combat branches.