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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

स्वसेनया च सहित: सुशर्मा प्रस्थलाधिप: । वामपक्ष॑ समाश्रित्य दंशित: समवस्थित:,प्रस्थलाधिपति (त्रिगर्तराज) सुशर्मा कवच धारण करके अपनी सेनाके साथ व्यूहके वामपक्षका आश्रय लेकर खड़े थे

svasenayā ca sahitaḥ suśarmā prasthalādhipaḥ | vāmapakṣaṃ samāśritya daṃśitaḥ samavasthitaḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Suśarmā, der Herr von Prasthala, gerüstet und von seinen eigenen Truppen begleitet, bezog Stellung auf dem linken Flügel der Schlachtordnung. Diese Platzierung zeugt von bewusstem taktischem Entschluss—jeder König steht dort, wo Pflicht gegenüber der eigenen Seite und die Forderungen des Krieges es verlangen, auch wenn der Konflikt auf schwere moralische Folgen zusteuert.

स्वसेनयाwith (his) own army
स्वसेनया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वसेना
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सहितःaccompanied (by)
सहितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुशर्माSusharman
सुशर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुशर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रस्थलाधिपःlord/king of Prasthala
प्रस्थलाधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रस्थलाधिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वामपक्षम्the left wing (of the formation)
वामपक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवामपक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समाश्रित्यhaving taken refuge in / having resorted to
समाश्रित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-श्रि
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
दंशितःarmoured, mail-clad
दंशितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदंशित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समवस्थितःstood stationed / was positioned
समवस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अव-स्था
FormPast participle (kta), Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Suśarmā
P
Prasthala
T
Trigarta (implied by Suśarmā’s identity)
L
left wing (vāmapakṣa)
A
army (senā)
A
armour (kavaca, implied by daṃśitaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined adherence to role and placement in a collective undertaking: a warrior-king stands where assigned, equipped and supported by his troops. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, such readiness reflects kṣatriya-duty and strategic responsibility, even though the larger war remains morally fraught.

Sañjaya reports battlefield dispositions: Suśarmā, identified as the ruler of Prasthala, arrives with his own forces, armours himself, and takes position on the left flank of the vyūha (battle-array), indicating the arrangement of Kaurava-aligned forces.