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Shloka 9

Sainyavinyāsa–Lakṣaṇa (Disposition of Armies and Battlefield Omens) | सैन्यविन्यास–लक्षणम्

भीष्मो5ग्रत: सर्वसैन्यस्य वृद्ध: श्वेतच्छत्र: श्वेतधनु: सखड्‌गः । श्वेतोष्णीष: पाण्डुरेण ध्वजेन श्वेतैरश्वेः श्वेतशैलप्रकाशै:

sañjaya uvāca | bhīṣmo 'grataḥ sarvasainyasya vṛddhaḥ śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ sakhadgaḥ | śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena śvetair aśvaiḥ śvetaśailaprakāśaiḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Ganz an der Spitze des gesamten Heeres stand der betagte Bhīṣma. Weißes Gepräge zeichnete ihn aus — sein Schirm, sein Bogen und sein Schwert; ein weißer Turban auf dem Haupt; ein blasses Banner über ihm; und weiße Pferde, die wie ein Schneeberg glänzten. Die Szene zeigt Bhīṣma als den ehrwürdigen Ältesten, der das Heer der Kaurava anführt; sein strenges, leuchtendes Erscheinungsbild unterstreicht sowohl die Schwere des Krieges als auch die moralische Last eines Greises, der selbst im tragischen Zwiespalt an die Pflicht gebunden ist.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्रतःin front
अग्रतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्रतः
सर्वसैन्यस्यof the whole army
सर्वसैन्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
वृद्धःaged, elder
वृद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेतच्छत्रःhaving a white parasol
श्वेतच्छत्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेतच्छत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेतधनुःhaving a white bow
श्वेतधनुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेतधनुस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सखड्गःwith a sword
सखड्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-खड्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेतोष्णीषःwearing a white turban
श्वेतोष्णीषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेतोष्णीष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डुरेणwith pale/whitish
पाण्डुरेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपाण्डुर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
ध्वजेनby/with a banner
ध्वजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
श्वेतैःwith white (ones)
श्वेतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वैःwith horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
श्वेतशैलप्रकाशैःshining like a white mountain
श्वेतशैलप्रकाशैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेतशैलप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
K
Kaurava army (sarvasainya)
W
white parasol (śvetacchatra)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
S
sword (khadga)
T
turban (uṣṇīṣa)
B
banner/standard (dhvaja)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
W
white mountain/snowy peak (śvetaśaila)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension of dharma in war: an aged, revered elder leads the army not from personal desire but from obligation and role. Bhīṣma’s luminous, austere imagery suggests purity of vow and discipline, while also intensifying the tragedy that such virtue is drawn into destructive conflict.

Sañjaya narrates to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the battlefield arrangement, focusing on Bhīṣma at the head of the Kaurava forces. He describes Bhīṣma’s striking white insignia—parasol, weapons, turban, banner, and snow-bright horses—emphasizing his prominence and commanding presence.