Shloka 18

Kṛṣṇa’s Departure, Auspicious Omens, and the Opening of the Uttaṅka Dialogue (कृष्णप्रयाण-निमित्त-उत्तङ्कसंवाद-प्रारम्भः)

Devanagari script

त्वया दग्धं हि तत्सैन्यं मया विजितमाहवे

Transliteration

tvayā dagdhaṃ hi tat sainyaṃ mayā vijitam āhave

Translation

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „Wahrlich, jenes Heer wurde von dir verbrannt; und ich besiegte es in der Schlacht.“

Word by Word

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Tritiya (Instrumental), Ekavacana

• दग्धम्: burnt
• दग्धम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: दह्
• Form: क्त (kta), Karmani (passive participle sense), Napumsaka, Prathama (Nominative), Ekavacana

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• तत्: that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathama (Nominative), Ekavacana

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathama (Nominative), Ekavacana

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Tritiya (Instrumental), Ekavacana

• विजितम्: conquered
• विजितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि
• Form: वि-, क्त (kta), Karmani (passive participle sense), Napumsaka, Prathama (Nominative), Ekavacana

• आहवे: in battle
• आहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहव
• Form: Pum, Saptami (Locative), Ekavacana

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• sainya (army)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores that outcomes in war can arise from different kinds of agency—destructive power that annihilates and martial prowess that subdues—implying ethical accountability for both the means and the result.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana reports a comparison of actions in a conflict: one party is credited with burning the opposing army, while the speaker (or a referenced agent) is credited with defeating it in direct battle.