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Shloka 42

Chatra–Upānah Dāna: Origin Narrative

Jamadagni–Reṇukā–Sūrya Saṃvāda

भीष्म उवाच ततस्तु तैः शपथै: शप्यमानै- ननिविधैर्बहुभि: कौरवेन्द्र । सहस्राक्षो देवराट्‌ सम्प्रहृष्ट: समीक्ष्य तं कोपनं विप्रमुख्यम्‌,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--कौरवेन्द्र! इस प्रकार जब सब लोग नाना प्रकारकी अनेकानेक शपथ कर चुके, तब सहस्र नेत्रधारी देवराज इन्द्र बड़े प्रसन्न हुए और उन विप्रवर अगस्त्यको कुपित हुआ देख उनके सामने प्रकट हो गये

bhīṣma uvāca | tatastu taiḥ śapathaiḥ śapyamānaiḥ nānāvidhair bahubhiḥ kauravendra | sahasrākṣo devarāṭ samprahṛṣṭaḥ samīkṣya taṃ kopanaṃ vipramukhyam ||

Bhishma sprach: „O Herr der Kurus, als die Menschen sich so durch viele und mannigfaltige feierliche Eide gebunden hatten, wurde Indra — der tausendäugige König der Götter — überaus erfreut. Als er sah, dass Agastya, der vornehmste der Brahmanen, in Zorn geraten war, offenbarte sich Indra vor ihm.“

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शपथैःoaths
शपथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशपथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
शप्यमानैःbeing sworn (by), being taken as oaths
शप्यमानैः:
TypeVerb
Rootशप्
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Masculine, Instrumental, Plural
नानाvarious
नाना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना
विविधैःof many kinds
विविधैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
बहुभिःmany
बहुभिः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
कौरवेन्द्रO lord of the Kurus
कौरवेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootकौरवेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सहस्राक्षःthe thousand-eyed one (Indra)
सहस्राक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्राक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवराट्king of the gods
देवराट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवराज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रहृष्टःgreatly delighted
सम्प्रहृष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्+हृष्
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
समीक्ष्यhaving seen, observing
समीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+ईक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ल्यप् (य), Active
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कोपनम्angry, wrathful
कोपनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकोपन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विप्रमुख्यम्the foremost of the brahmins
विप्रमुख्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रमुख्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
K
Kauravendra (Kuru king)
I
Indra (Sahasrākṣa, Devarāṭ)
A
Agastya (implied by Hindi gloss as the vipramukhya)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of śapatha (solemn oaths): when vows are sincerely undertaken and dharma is upheld, divine forces are portrayed as becoming favorable. It also underscores the narrative idea that even a great sage’s anger is significant enough to draw divine attention, implying the need for restraint and right resolution.

After many people make various oaths, Indra is pleased. Observing an eminent brahmin-sage (identified in the accompanying tradition as Agastya) in an angry state, Indra appears before him, setting up a divine encounter that will influence the unfolding events.